Rhodamine B: Difference between revisions

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[[File:44 rhodamine.jpg|thumb|Rhodamine]]
[[File:44 rhodamine.jpg|thumb|Rhodamine]]
== Description ==
== Description ==
[[File:rhodamine C100x.jpg|thumb|rhodamine at 100x]]
A strong, bright red [[fluorescent%20dye|fluorescent dye]]. Rhodamine B is a [[basic%20dye|basic dye]] that was developed in 1887 by Ceresole. It is used as [[textile|textile]] and [[paper|paper]] dye, as a pigment, and as a staining reagent for the detection of [[fat|fats]] and [[oil|oils]]. Some oil modified materials such as [[alkyd%20resin|alkyds]] and [[polyurethane|urethanes]] will also stain with rhodamine (Wolbers et al 1990). Rhodamine B has been used as a fluorescent colorant in [[ink|inks]] ([[ballpoint%20ink|ballpoint]], [[printing%20ink|printing]]), [[wood%20stain|wood stains]], [[distemper|distemper]] paints, colored glass, plastics, and shoe polish.


A strong, bright red [[fluorescent%20dye|fluorescent dye]]. Rhodamine B is a [[basic%20dye|basic dye]] that was developed in 1887 by Ceresole. It is used as [[textile|textile]] and [[paper|paper]] dye, as a pigment, and as a staining reagent for the detection of [[fat|fats]] and [[oil|oils]]. Some oil modified materials such as [[alkyd%20resin|alkyds]] and [[polyurethane|urethanes]] will also stain with rhodamine (Wolbers et al 1990). Rhodamine B has been used as a fluorescent colorant in [[ink|inks]] ([[ballpoint%20ink|ballpoint]], [[printing%20ink|printing]]), [[wood%20stain|wood stains]], [[distemper|distemper]] paints, and shoe polish.
[[File:Rhodamine B_abs.ems.jpg|thumb|Absorption and fluorescence emission spectra]]
 
[[File:rhodamine C100x.jpg|thumb|rhodamine]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==


Basic Violet 10; CI 45170; tetraethylrhodamine; D&C Red No. 19, Solvent Red 49; Pigment Violet 1 (phosphotungstomolybdic acid salt); Pigment Red 169 (copper ferrocyanide salt); Pigment Red 173 (aluminum salt); Rhodamine (Deut.); Rodamina B (Esp.); rodamina B (Port.); rhodamine B (Fr.);
Basic Violet 10; CI 45170; tetraethylrhodamine; D&C Red No. 19, Solvent Red 49; Pigment Violet 1 (phosphotungstomolybdic acid salt); Pigment Red 173 (aluminum salt); Rhodamine (Deut.); Rodamina B (Esp.); rodamina B (Port.); rhodamine B (Fr.)
 
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Rhodamine (Forbes MFA 44) copy.tif~Raman (MFA)|f44sem.jpg~SEM|f44edsbw.jpg~EDS|rhodamine b.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
 
== Other Properties ==
 
Green crystals or violet powder. Soluble in water, ethanol, polar solvents. 
 
Maximum absorption wavelength = 545 nm. 
 
Maximum emission wavelength = 625 nm.


{| class="wikitable"
== Comparisons ==
Rhodamine B variations with some properties and descriptions
{| class="wikitable"  
|-
|-
! scope="row"| Composition
! Other names
| C28H31ClN2O3
! Laked form
! Comments
|-
|-
! scope="row"| CAS
| Rhodamine 610; Basic Violet 10
| 81-88-9
|  
| identification by fluorescence microscopy and laser dyes; used as pH  indicator and water tracer
|-
|-
! scope="row"| Melting Point
| D&C Red #19
| 210-211
|
| formerly used in drugs and  cosmetics but was removed from list in 1984 as a suspected carcinogen
|-  
| Solvent red 49
|
| fluorescent red dye used in wood stains and  coating, printing inks and leather finishes.
|-
|-
! scope="row"| Molecular Weight
| Pigment Violet 1
| mol. wt. = 478.68
| phosphotungstomolybdic  acid salt
| introduced in 1924; bright reddish-violet with high color strength and good lightfastness; used in printing inks, textile  printing, and, in some cases, plastics due to its high gloss and vivid shade
|-
| Pigment  Red 173; Rhodamine Red; Cosmetic Rubine
| aluminum  salt
| brilliant pink to magenta used in  inks, powder coatings, industrial  paints, colored glass and plastics; Extensively used in cosmetic  products
|}
|}
<!--{| class="wikitable"
! Pigment number !! Manufacture !! Pigment name !! Manufacture CI number !! Comments
|-
| PV001 || Sun|| rhodamine B || 221-0035 ||
|-
| PV001 || Magruder|| rhodamine B || mm0107-dc||
|-
| PV001 || Magruder || rhodamine B || mm0122-dc ||
|-
| PV001 || Magruder || rhodamine B || mm1219-dc ||
|-
|}-->
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|PV001 sun rhodamine b 221-0035.TIF~FTIR 221-0035(MFA)|PV1 rhodamine b (magruder mm0107-dc).TIF~FTIR mm0107-dc(MFA)|Pv1 rhodamine B (magruder mm0122-dc).TIF~FTIR mm0122-dc(MFA)|Pv1 rhodamine B (magruder mm1219-dc).TIF~FTIR mm1219-dc(MFA)|Rhodamine (Forbes MFA 44) copy.tif~Raman (MFA)|f44sem.jpg~SEM|f44edsbw.jpg~EDS|rhodamine b.jpg~Chemical structure]]]


== Hazards and Safety ==
== Risks ==
 
Carcinogen. Mutagen. 
 
Mallinckrodt Baker: [http://www.jtbaker.com/msds/englishhtml/r5400.htm MSDS]
 
== Additional Information ==
 
° R. Wolbers, N. Sterman and C. Stavroudis, "Notes for Workshop on New Methods in the Cleaning of Paintings", 1990, GCI, Los Angeles. ° Website for absorption/fluorescent spectra: [http://www.omlc.ogi.edu/spectra/PhotochemCAD/html/rhodamineB.html http://www.omlc.ogi.edu/spectra/PhotochemCAD/html/rhodamineB.html]
 
== Additional Images ==


<gallery>
* Listed as carcinogen and mutagen.
File:Rhodamine B_abs.ems.jpg|Absorption and fluorescence emission spectra
* Harmful if swallowed
</gallery>
* Can cause eye damage and allergic reactions in skin
* Store in glass containers as it is absorbed by plastics
* ThermoFisher: [https://www.fishersci.com/store/msds?partNumber=AAA1357218&productDescription=RHODAMINE+B+50G&vendorId=VN00024248&countryCode=US&language=en SDS]


==Physical and Chemical Properties==


== Sources Checked for Data in Record ==
* Soluble in water, alcohols, and polar solvents. 
* Decomposes in chlorinated solutions.
* Maximum absorption wavelength = 545 nm. 
* Maximum emission wavelength = 625 nm.
* Composition = C28H31ClN2O3 (mol. wt. = 478.68 g/mol)
* CAS = 81-88-9
* Melting Point = 210-211 C


==Resources and Citations==
* A. Schaening, M. Schreiner, D. Jembrih-Simbuerger, 'Identification and Classification of Synthetic Organic Pigments of a Collection of the 19th and 20th century by FTIR' The Sixth Infrared and Raman Users Group Conference (IRUG6), Florence Italy, 2004.
* R. Wolbers, N. Sterman and C. Stavroudis, "Notes for Workshop on New Methods in the Cleaning of Paintings", 1990, GCI, Los Angeles.
* Website for absorption/fluorescent spectra: [http://www.omlc.ogi.edu/spectra/PhotochemCAD/html/rhodamineB.html http://www.omlc.ogi.edu/spectra/PhotochemCAD/html/rhodamineB.html]
* Reed Kay, ''The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials'', Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
* Reed Kay, ''The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials'', Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Richard C. Wolbers, Nanette T. Sterman, Chris Stavroudis, ''Notes for Workshop on New Methods in the Cleaning of Paintings'', J.Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 1990
* Monona Rossol, ''The Artist's Complete Health and Safety Guide'', Allworth Press, New York, 1994
* Monona Rossol, ''The Artist's Complete Health and Safety Guide'', Allworth Press, New York, 1994
* ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983  Comment: entry 8349
* ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983  Comment: entry 8349
 
* Dye History: www.straw.com/sig/dyehist - discovered 1887
* Website address 1  Comment: www.straw.com/sig/dyehist - discovered 1887
 
* Aldrich Chemical Catalog  Comment: p. 1299
* Aldrich Chemical Catalog  Comment: p. 1299
* Colour Index International online at www.colour-index.org
* Colour Index International online at www.colour-index.org
 
* CHSOS: [https://chsopensource.org/products/pigments-checker/pigments-checker-modern-and-contemporary-art-pigments-list/pr-173-rhodamine-b-2/ Spectra (XRF, Raman, Reflectance) on PR 173]
* Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodamine_B Rhodamine B] Accessed Dec. 2025




[[Category:Materials database]]
[[Category:Materials database]]

Latest revision as of 14:56, 18 April 2026

Rhodamine

Description

rhodamine at 100x

A strong, bright red fluorescent dye. Rhodamine B is a basic dye that was developed in 1887 by Ceresole. It is used as textile and paper dye, as a pigment, and as a staining reagent for the detection of fats and oils. Some oil modified materials such as alkyds and urethanes will also stain with rhodamine (Wolbers et al 1990). Rhodamine B has been used as a fluorescent colorant in inks (ballpoint, printing), wood stains, distemper paints, colored glass, plastics, and shoe polish.

Absorption and fluorescence emission spectra

Synonyms and Related Terms

Basic Violet 10; CI 45170; tetraethylrhodamine; D&C Red No. 19, Solvent Red 49; Pigment Violet 1 (phosphotungstomolybdic acid salt); Pigment Red 173 (aluminum salt); Rhodamine (Deut.); Rodamina B (Esp.); rodamina B (Port.); rhodamine B (Fr.)

Comparisons

Rhodamine B variations with some properties and descriptions

Other names Laked form Comments
Rhodamine 610; Basic Violet 10 identification by fluorescence microscopy and laser dyes; used as pH indicator and water tracer
D&C Red #19 formerly used in drugs and cosmetics but was removed from list in 1984 as a suspected carcinogen
Solvent red 49 fluorescent red dye used in wood stains and coating, printing inks and leather finishes.
Pigment Violet 1 phosphotungstomolybdic acid salt introduced in 1924; bright reddish-violet with high color strength and good lightfastness; used in printing inks, textile printing, and, in some cases, plastics due to its high gloss and vivid shade
Pigment Red 173; Rhodamine Red; Cosmetic Rubine aluminum salt brilliant pink to magenta used in inks, powder coatings, industrial paints, colored glass and plastics; Extensively used in cosmetic products

FTIR 221-0035(MFA)

PV001 sun rhodamine b 221-0035.TIF

FTIR mm0107-dc(MFA)

PV1 rhodamine b (magruder mm0107-dc).TIF

FTIR mm0122-dc(MFA)

Pv1 rhodamine B (magruder mm0122-dc).TIF

FTIR mm1219-dc(MFA)

Pv1 rhodamine B (magruder mm1219-dc).TIF

Raman (MFA)

Rhodamine (Forbes MFA 44) copy.tif

SEM

F44sem.jpg

EDS

F44edsbw.jpg

Chemical structure

Rhodamine b.jpg


Risks

  • Listed as carcinogen and mutagen.
  • Harmful if swallowed
  • Can cause eye damage and allergic reactions in skin
  • Store in glass containers as it is absorbed by plastics
  • ThermoFisher: SDS

Physical and Chemical Properties

  • Soluble in water, alcohols, and polar solvents.
  • Decomposes in chlorinated solutions.
  • Maximum absorption wavelength = 545 nm.
  • Maximum emission wavelength = 625 nm.
  • Composition = C28H31ClN2O3 (mol. wt. = 478.68 g/mol)
  • CAS = 81-88-9
  • Melting Point = 210-211 C

Resources and Citations

  • A. Schaening, M. Schreiner, D. Jembrih-Simbuerger, 'Identification and Classification of Synthetic Organic Pigments of a Collection of the 19th and 20th century by FTIR' The Sixth Infrared and Raman Users Group Conference (IRUG6), Florence Italy, 2004.
  • R. Wolbers, N. Sterman and C. Stavroudis, "Notes for Workshop on New Methods in the Cleaning of Paintings", 1990, GCI, Los Angeles.
  • Website for absorption/fluorescent spectra: http://www.omlc.ogi.edu/spectra/PhotochemCAD/html/rhodamineB.html
  • Reed Kay, The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
  • Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
  • Monona Rossol, The Artist's Complete Health and Safety Guide, Allworth Press, New York, 1994
  • The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 8349
  • Dye History: www.straw.com/sig/dyehist - discovered 1887
  • Aldrich Chemical Catalog Comment: p. 1299
  • Colour Index International online at www.colour-index.org
  • CHSOS: Spectra (XRF, Raman, Reflectance) on PR 173
  • Wikipedia: Rhodamine B Accessed Dec. 2025
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