Difference between revisions of "Category:Gamboge: Ukiyo-e colorant"
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− | [[File: | + | [[File:SC206496.jpg|right|400px|link=Masanobu, Perspective Picture of a Triptych of the Three Evening Poems, by the Authentic Originator of Color Printing and Perspective Prints, 11.13344|Perspective Picture of a Triptych of the Three Evening Poems by Okumura Masanobu]] |
− | <font size="3">'''[[Gamboge]]'''</font> 藤黄('' | + | <font size="3">'''[[Gamboge]]'''</font> 藤黄 (''tōō''): A yellow-orange gum resin produced by several species of the ''Garcinia'' tree, such as ''Garcinia morella'' found in South Asia and ''Garcinia hanburyi'' found in Southeast Asia. Gamboge is composed of a yellow resinous component (70-80%; morelloflavone) and a clear water-soluble [[Gum|gum]] (20%). It was collected in South Asia by cutting a large piece off the trunk. The exuding sap from the exposed wood was scraped off and dried. In Southeast Asia, most notably Thailand, gamboge was obtained by scoring the trunk and collecting the sap in bamboo canes. Once the sap solidified, the bamboo was roasted over a fire during which the bamboo cracked or the moisture in the gamboge evaporated to shrink and detach from the bamboo to reveal a cylindrical shaped gamboge. Crushed into powder, it becomes a bright yellow. Gamboge was used as a yellow pigment as early as the 8th century in Asia and Japan. During the Edo period (1603–1868), gamboge was known to have been imported from Siam (Thailand) and Cochin (Vietnam; could also be Kochi, India). |
− | Gamboge produces a | + | Gamboge produces a transparent yellow which was frequently hand-painted on prints dating from the 1690s to the 1740s. After the introduction of full color printing, its use seems to decline perhaps because the other yellows were easier to obtain and/or print and mix with other colorants. |
− | '''For additional information see:''' [[Gamboge]], [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:427987-1 ''Garcinia hanburyi'' (Kew)] | + | '''For additional information see:''' [[Gamboge]], Uemura Dye Archive: [[Touou/Kusashiō (Gamboge) - left (195 L)|Gamboge 195]], [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:427987-1 ''Garcinia hanburyi'' (Kew)], [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:3285297-4 ''Garcinia morella'' (Kew)] |
+ | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
== Examples of Gamboge in Ukiyo-e Prints == | == Examples of Gamboge in Ukiyo-e Prints == | ||
− | {|class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;font-size:90%;text-align:center;width:15%" | + | {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;font-size:90%;text-align:center;width:15%" |
− | |[[File: | + | |[[File:58.343-pt1-detail.png|200px|link=Kiyomasu II, The Arrival of the Elephant, 58.343]] |
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− | [[File:Indigo FORS.JPG|200px]]<br>[[ | + | [[File:Indigo FORS.JPG|200px]]<br>[[Kiyomasu II, The Arrival of the Elephant, 58.343|Pt 1: Hand colored<br>Torii Kiyomasu II, 58.343]] |
|} | |} | ||
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{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;font-size:90%;text-align:center;width:15%" | {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;font-size:90%;text-align:center;width:15%" | ||
− | |[[File: | + | |[[File:11.13297-pt1-detail.png|200px|link=Kiyomasu II, Actor Ogino Izaburô I as Yamagami Gennai, Acting in the Aragoto Style with the Sumikazura Wig, 11.13297]] |
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− | [[File:Indigo FORS.JPG|200px]]<br>[[ | + | [[File:Indigo FORS.JPG|200px]]<br>[[Kiyomasu II, Actor Ogino Izaburô I as Yamagami Gennai, Acting in the Aragoto Style with the Sumikazura Wig, 11.13297|Pt 1: Hand colored<br>Torii Kiyomasu II, 11.13297]] |
|} | |} | ||
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{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;font-size:90%;text-align:center;width:15%" | {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;font-size:90%;text-align:center;width:15%" | ||
− | |[[File: | + | |[[File:11.13344-pt2-detail.png|200px|link=Masanobu, Perspective Picture of a Triptych of the Three Evening Poems, by the Authentic Originator of Color Printing and Perspective Prints, 11.13344]] |
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| | | | ||
− | [[File:Indigo FORS.JPG|200px]]<br>[[ | + | [[File:Indigo FORS.JPG|200px]]<br>[[Masanobu, Perspective Picture of a Triptych of the Three Evening Poems, by the Authentic Originator of Color Printing and Perspective Prints, 11.13344|Pt 2: Hand colored<br>Okumura Masanobu, 11.13344]] |
|} | |} | ||
+ | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;font-size:90%;text-align:center;width:15%" | {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;font-size:90%;text-align:center;width:15%" | ||
− | |[[File: | + | |[[File:11.19711-pt2-detail.png|200px|link=Komatsuken, Courtesan Parading with Two Kamuro, 11.19711]] |
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− | [[File:Indigo FORS.JPG|200px]]<br>[[ | + | [[File:Indigo FORS.JPG|200px]]<br>[[Komatsuken, Courtesan Parading with Two Kamuro, 11.19711|Pt 2: Printed<br>Komatsuken, 11.19711]] |
|} | |} | ||
+ | <!-- | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;font-size:90%;text-align:center;width:15%" | {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;font-size:90%;text-align:center;width:15%" | ||
− | |[[File: | + | |[[File:11.19475-pt1-detail.png|200px|link=Harunobu, The Sake Cup, sheet 4 of the series Marriage in Brocade Prints, the Carriage of the Virtuous Woman, known as the Marriage series, 11.19475]] |
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− | [[File:Indigo FORS.JPG|200px]]<br>[[Harunobu, | + | [[File:Indigo FORS.JPG|200px]]<br>[[Harunobu, The Sake Cup, sheet 4 of the series Marriage in Brocade Prints, the Carriage of the Virtuous Woman, known as the Marriage series, 11.19475|Pt 1: Printed<br>Suzuki Harunobu, 11.19475]] |
|} | |} | ||
+ | --> | ||
== Analysis == | == Analysis == | ||
− | Gamboge does not fluoresce under UVA radiation and does not produce a distinct pattern using Excitation Emission Matrix (EEM) spectroscopy. | + | Gamboge does not fluoresce under UVA radiation and does not produce a distinct pattern using Excitation Emission Matrix (EEM) spectroscopy. This, in itself is unique because of the possible yellow colorants analyzed, it is the only bright yellow colorant that not only does not fluoresce but also absorbs the fluorescence emitted by the paper. This negative indication can be sometimes used to assign the presence of gamboge. |
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200px" style="text-align:left;"> | <gallery mode="packed" heights="200px" style="text-align:left;"> | ||
Gamboge color.PNG|<center>3D EEM plot of Gamboge</center> | Gamboge color.PNG|<center>3D EEM plot of Gamboge</center> | ||
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==Images of Gamboge== | ==Images of Gamboge== | ||
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
+ | File:Garcmore_03.jpg|''Garcinia morella'', <small>by India Biodiversity Portal</small>|link=https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/12281 | ||
File:gamboge_pieces_1.jpg|Gamboge pieces | File:gamboge_pieces_1.jpg|Gamboge pieces | ||
− | File:296 gamboge.jpg|Gamboge | + | File:Gamboge.jpg|Gamboge pieces |
− | File:Gamboge C100x.jpg|Gamboge | + | File:296 gamboge.jpg|Gamboge powder |
− | File:15_Powd_gamboge_200X.jpg|Gamboge | + | File:Gamboge C100x.jpg|Gamboge at 100x |
+ | File:15_Powd_gamboge_200X.jpg|Gamboge at 200x | ||
File:gamboge_dyed paper.jpg|Paper dyed with gamboge | File:gamboge_dyed paper.jpg|Paper dyed with gamboge | ||
+ | File:Printed gamboge-cropped.jpg|Printed gamboge | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==List of Prints == | ==List of Prints == | ||
Below is a list of prints where gamboge was detected. | Below is a list of prints where gamboge was detected. |
Revision as of 01:23, 23 May 2024
Gamboge 藤黄 (tōō): A yellow-orange gum resin produced by several species of the Garcinia tree, such as Garcinia morella found in South Asia and Garcinia hanburyi found in Southeast Asia. Gamboge is composed of a yellow resinous component (70-80%; morelloflavone) and a clear water-soluble Gum (20%). It was collected in South Asia by cutting a large piece off the trunk. The exuding sap from the exposed wood was scraped off and dried. In Southeast Asia, most notably Thailand, gamboge was obtained by scoring the trunk and collecting the sap in bamboo canes. Once the sap solidified, the bamboo was roasted over a fire during which the bamboo cracked or the moisture in the gamboge evaporated to shrink and detach from the bamboo to reveal a cylindrical shaped gamboge. Crushed into powder, it becomes a bright yellow. Gamboge was used as a yellow pigment as early as the 8th century in Asia and Japan. During the Edo period (1603–1868), gamboge was known to have been imported from Siam (Thailand) and Cochin (Vietnam; could also be Kochi, India).
Gamboge produces a transparent yellow which was frequently hand-painted on prints dating from the 1690s to the 1740s. After the introduction of full color printing, its use seems to decline perhaps because the other yellows were easier to obtain and/or print and mix with other colorants.
For additional information see: Gamboge, Uemura Dye Archive: Gamboge 195, Garcinia hanburyi (Kew), Garcinia morella (Kew)
Examples of Gamboge in Ukiyo-e Prints
Analysis
Gamboge does not fluoresce under UVA radiation and does not produce a distinct pattern using Excitation Emission Matrix (EEM) spectroscopy. This, in itself is unique because of the possible yellow colorants analyzed, it is the only bright yellow colorant that not only does not fluoresce but also absorbs the fluorescence emitted by the paper. This negative indication can be sometimes used to assign the presence of gamboge.
Images of Gamboge
List of Prints
Below is a list of prints where gamboge was detected.
Pages in category "Gamboge: Ukiyo-e colorant"
The following 12 pages are in this category, out of 12 total.
G
K
- Kiyomasu I, Courtesan Reading a Poem, 28.198
- Kiyomasu II, Actor Ogino Izaburô I as Yamagami Gennai, Acting in the Aragoto Style with the Sumikazura Wig, 11.13297
- Kiyomasu II, Actors Segawa Kikunojô I as Yomogiu, Ichikawa Ebizô II as Tono no Hyôe, and Yamamoto Kyôzô as Kureha, 21.5459
- Komatsuken, Courtesan Parading with Two Kamuro, 11.19711
- Komatsuken, Young Man as the Bodhisattva Monju, 11.30137
- Komatsuken, Young Woman as the Bodhisattva Fugen, 11.30136