Difference between revisions of "Gold"

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[[File:2002.900-SC54006.jpg|thumb|'''MFA Acc. #:''' 2002.900]]
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[[File:2002.900-SC54006.jpg|thumb|Gold medallion<br>MFA Acc # 2002.900]]
 
== Description ==
 
== Description ==
 +
[[File:98.788-F3468CR-d1.jpg|thumb|Nike earring<br>MFA Acc.# 98.788]]
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A soft, inert, shiny yellow metallic element that is beautiful and easy to work. Gold has been highly valued and used for artifacts since before 5000 BCE. Alluvial deposits were used in Iran, Turkey, Egypt, Greece, India, and China. In medieval Europe, most gold was obtained from Saxony and Austria. Major gold deposits have been found in South Africa, Columbia, Australia, Russia, Canada (Yukon) and the U.S.(California). Native gold, found in quartz veins (vein gold) and alluvial deposits (placer gold), generally contains some [[silver]] and [[copper]]. The present main world producers are : China, Australia, United States, Russia, South Africa, Peru, Canada, Indonesia, Uzbekistan, Ghana.
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Gold is purified by dissolution in [[mercury]] or cyanide solutions, by melting, or by electrodeposition. The purity of commercial gold is expressed in [[karat|karats]] which is the number of parts of gold in 24 parts of the alloy. Gold is extremely malleable and can be pressed into a continuous film of 0.1 micrometer thickness. Gold is primarily used for monetary systems and for jewelry. Other uses for gold include conductor in electrical devices, dentistry, as a pigment in paints and ceramics and for gilded decoration. 
  
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A soft, inert, shiny yellow metallic element that is beautiful and easy to work. Gold has been highly valued and used for artifacts since before 5000 BCE. Alluvial deposits were used in Iran, Turkey, Egypt, Greece, India, and China. In medieval Europe, most gold was obtained from Saxony and Austria. Major gold deposits have been found in South Africa, Columbia, Australia, Russia, Canada (Yukon) and the U.S.(California). Native gold, found in quartz veins (vein gold) and alluvial deposits (placer gold), generally contains some [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=silver silver] and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=copper copper]. Gold is purified by dissolution in [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=mercury mercury] or cyanide solutions, by melting, or by electrodeposition. The purity of commercial gold is expressed in [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=karat karats] which is the number of parts of gold in 24 parts of the alloy. Gold is extremely malleable and can be pressed into a continuous film of 0.1 micrometer thickness. Gold is primarily used for monetary systems and for jewelry. Other uses for gold include conductor in electrical devices, dentistry, as a pigment in paints and ceramics and for gilded decoration.
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See also [[white gold]], [[yellow gold]], and [[green gold]].
  
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See also [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=white%20gold white gold], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=yellow%20gold yellow gold], and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=green%20gold green gold].
 
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[[File:98.788-F3468CR-d1.jpg|thumb|'''MFA Acc. #:''' 98.788]]
 
 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
  
 
Au; aurum (Lat.); Goud (Ned.); or (Fr.); Gold (Deut.); oro (It., Esp.); ouro (Port.); guld (Sven.); burnish gold
 
Au; aurum (Lat.); Goud (Ned.); or (Fr.); Gold (Deut.); oro (It., Esp.); ouro (Port.); guld (Sven.); burnish gold
 +
[[File:golddw.jpg|thumb|Native gold]]
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[[File:Goldemr1.jpg|thumb|Gold nugget]]
 +
== Risks ==
  
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== Other Properties ==
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* May be tarnished by sulfur. 
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* No significant health hazards. 
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Inert. Not attacked by acids, air, or oxygen. Soluble in aqua regia, alkali cyanides, thiocyanates, or mercury.   
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* Fisher Scientific: [https://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/02626.htm MSDS]
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== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
  
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Isometric crystal system occuring as octahedral or cubic forms; often distorted.  Luster = metallic.  Streak = goldish-yellow.  Ductile and malleable.
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* Inert. Not attacked by acids, air, or oxygen. Soluble in aqua regia, alkali cyanides, thiocyanates, or mercury.   
 +
* Isometric crystal system occurring as octahedral or cubic forms; often distorted.   
 +
* Luster = metallic.   
 +
* Streak = goldish-yellow.   
 +
* Ductile and malleable.
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
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|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Melting Point
 
! scope="row"| Melting Point
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| 1064.76
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| 1064.76 C
 
|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Density
 
! scope="row"| Density
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| 19.3
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| 19.3 g/ml
 
|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Molecular Weight
 
! scope="row"| Molecular Weight
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|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Boiling Point
 
! scope="row"| Boiling Point
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| 2700
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| 2700 C
 
|}
 
|}
  
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[[File:golddw.jpg|thumb|Native gold]]
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== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
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== Hazards and Safety ==
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* O. Untracht, ''Metal Techniques for Craftsmen'', Doubleday and Co., Garden City, NY, 1968.  
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* Mineralogy Database: [http://www.webmineral.com/data/Gold.shtml Gold]
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May be tarnished by sulfur.  No significant health hazards. 
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* Web Elements: [http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Au/key.html Website]
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Fisher Scientific: [https://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/02626.htm MSDS]
 
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== Additional Information ==
 
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° O. Untracht, ''Metal Techniques for Craftsmen'', Doubleday and Co., Garden City, NY, 1968. ° Mineralogy Database: [http://www.webmineral.com/data/Gold.shtml Gold]° Web Elements: [http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Au/key.html Website]
 
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== Additional Images ==
 
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<gallery>
 
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File:Goldemr1.jpg|Gold nugget
 
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</gallery>
 
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== Authority ==
 
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* ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
 
* ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
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* Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
 
* Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
−
 
 
* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
 
* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
−
 
 
* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971  Comment: p. 371
 
* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971  Comment: p. 371
−
 
 
* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
 
* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
−
 
 
* ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983  Comment: entry 4526
 
* ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983  Comment: entry 4526
−
 
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* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com  Comment: gold" [Accessed December 11, 2001].
−
* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com  Comment: gold" Encyclopædia Britannica [Accessed December 11, 2001].
 
−
 
 
 
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, ''Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology'', U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
 
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, ''Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology'', U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
−
 
 
* ''Dictionary of Building Preservation'', Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
 
* ''Dictionary of Building Preservation'', Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
−
 
 
* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
 
* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
−
 
 
* ''The Dictionary of Art'', Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996  Comment: 'gold'
 
* ''The Dictionary of Art'', Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996  Comment: 'gold'
−
 
 
* David C. Scott, ''Metallography and Microstructure of Ancient and Historic Metals'', The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 1991  Comment: specific gravity = 18.88
 
* David C. Scott, ''Metallography and Microstructure of Ancient and Historic Metals'', The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 1991  Comment: specific gravity = 18.88
−
 
 
* Michael McCann, ''Artist Beware'', Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
 
* Michael McCann, ''Artist Beware'', Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
−
 
 
* R.D. Harley, ''Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835'', Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982
 
* R.D. Harley, ''Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835'', Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982
−
 
 
* Jack Odgen, ''Jewellery of the Ancient World'', Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982
 
* Jack Odgen, ''Jewellery of the Ancient World'', Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982
  
  
  
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[[Category:Materials database]]
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[[Category:Materials database]][[Category:MWG]][[Category:Metal]]

Latest revision as of 11:57, 2 October 2024

Gold medallion
MFA Acc # 2002.900

Description

Nike earring
MFA Acc.# 98.788

A soft, inert, shiny yellow metallic element that is beautiful and easy to work. Gold has been highly valued and used for artifacts since before 5000 BCE. Alluvial deposits were used in Iran, Turkey, Egypt, Greece, India, and China. In medieval Europe, most gold was obtained from Saxony and Austria. Major gold deposits have been found in South Africa, Columbia, Australia, Russia, Canada (Yukon) and the U.S.(California). Native gold, found in quartz veins (vein gold) and alluvial deposits (placer gold), generally contains some Silver and Copper. The present main world producers are : China, Australia, United States, Russia, South Africa, Peru, Canada, Indonesia, Uzbekistan, Ghana. Gold is purified by dissolution in Mercury or cyanide solutions, by melting, or by electrodeposition. The purity of commercial gold is expressed in karats which is the number of parts of gold in 24 parts of the alloy. Gold is extremely malleable and can be pressed into a continuous film of 0.1 micrometer thickness. Gold is primarily used for monetary systems and for jewelry. Other uses for gold include conductor in electrical devices, dentistry, as a pigment in paints and ceramics and for gilded decoration.

See also White gold, Yellow gold, and Green gold.

Synonyms and Related Terms

Au; aurum (Lat.); Goud (Ned.); or (Fr.); Gold (Deut.); oro (It., Esp.); ouro (Port.); guld (Sven.); burnish gold

Native gold
Gold nugget

Risks

  • May be tarnished by sulfur.
  • No significant health hazards.
  • Fisher Scientific: MSDS

Physical and Chemical Properties

  • Inert. Not attacked by acids, air, or oxygen. Soluble in aqua regia, alkali cyanides, thiocyanates, or mercury.
  • Isometric crystal system occurring as octahedral or cubic forms; often distorted.
  • Luster = metallic.
  • Streak = goldish-yellow.
  • Ductile and malleable.
Composition Au (atomic no. 79)
CAS 7440-57-5
Mohs Hardness 2.5 - 3.0
Melting Point 1064.76 C
Density 19.3 g/ml
Molecular Weight atomic wt = 196.9665
Boiling Point 2700 C

Physical and Chemical Properties

  • O. Untracht, Metal Techniques for Craftsmen, Doubleday and Co., Garden City, NY, 1968.
  • Mineralogy Database: Gold
  • Web Elements: Website
  • Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
  • Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
  • The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
  • G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 371
  • Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
  • The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 4526
  • Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: gold" [Accessed December 11, 2001].
  • Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
  • Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
  • C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
  • The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: 'gold'
  • David C. Scott, Metallography and Microstructure of Ancient and Historic Metals, The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 1991 Comment: specific gravity = 18.88
  • Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
  • R.D. Harley, Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835, Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982
  • Jack Odgen, Jewellery of the Ancient World, Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982

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