Difference between revisions of "Cadmium"

Latest revision as of 13:45, 3 November 2023

Metallic cadmium

Description

A soft, blue-white metallic element. Cadmium has an abundance of about 0.1 ppm in the earth's crust. It primarily occurs as Cadmium sulfide (greenockite) or cadmium carbonate (otavite) in ores rich in Zinc, Copper, or Lead. The silvery metal was first isolated by Fredrich Stromeyer, a German chemist in 1817. Metallic cadmium is ductile and can be cut with a knife or rolled into a thin sheet. It slowly oxidizes in moist air to form cadmium oxide. Cadmium is used in soft solder alloys, in incandescent light filaments, and in nickel-cadmium batteries. It is also electroplated on iron and steel as a corrosion resistant coating. Cadmium salts have been used as [[cadmium red|red], orange, and yellow pigments in ceramic glazes and paints. Additionally cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide are used as infrared transparent plates for infrared analysis.

Cadmium is on the ILFI Red list of building materials.

Cadmium pigments

Synonyms and Related Terms

Cd; cadmia (Lat.); cadmio (It., Esp.); Cádmio (Port.); Kadmio (Sven.); Kadmium (Deut.)

Risks

Combustible.
Metal and salts are highly toxic by ingestion and inhalation.
Carcinogen associated with lung cancer.
Acute and long-term exposures can lead to lung and kidney damage, bone loss, and hypertension
Teck.com: SDS

Physical and Chemical Properties

Reacts with acids. Insoluble in water and alkalis.

Composition	Cd (atomic no. 48)
CAS	7440-43-9
Mohs Hardness	2.0
Melting Point	320.9 C
Density	8.462 g/ml
Molecular Weight	atomic wt = 112.41
Refractive Index	1.13
Boiling Point	765-767 C

Resources and Citations

Web Elements: Website

Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976

Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997

The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998

Chemical & Engineering News, American Chemical Society, Washington DC, 81 (36) , Sept. 8, 2003 Comment: Robert L. Wolke, p. 120

Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993

The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry # 1583

G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 135

Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 == Description ==
-A soft, blue-white metallic element. Cadmium has an abundance of about 0.1 ppm in the earth's crust. It primarily occurs as [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=cadmium sulfide cadmium sulfide] (greenockite) or cadmium carbonate (otavite) in ores rich in [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=zinc zinc], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=copper copper], or [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=lead lead]. The silvery metal was first isolated by Fredrich Stromeyer, a German chemist in 1817. Metallic cadmium is ductile and can be cut with a knife or rolled into a thin sheet. It slowly oxidizes in moist air to form cadmium oxide. Cadmium is used in soft solder alloys, in incandescent light filaments, and in nickel-cadmium batteries. It is also electroplated on iron and steel as a corrosion resistant coating. Cadmium salts have been used as [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=cadmium red red], orange, and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=cadmium yellow yellow] pigments in ceramic glazes and paints. Additionally cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide are used as infrared transparent plates for infrared analysis.
+A soft, blue-white metallic element. Cadmium has an abundance of about 0.1 ppm in the earth's crust. It primarily occurs as [[cadmium sulfide]] (greenockite) or cadmium carbonate (otavite) in ores rich in [[zinc]], [[copper]], or [[lead]]. The silvery metal was first isolated by Fredrich Stromeyer, a German chemist in 1817. Metallic cadmium is ductile and can be cut with a knife or rolled into a thin sheet. It slowly oxidizes in moist air to form cadmium oxide. Cadmium is used in soft solder alloys, in incandescent light filaments, and in nickel-cadmium batteries. It is also electroplated on iron and steel as a corrosion resistant coating. Cadmium salts have been used as [[cadmium red|red], orange, and [[cadmium yellow|yellow]] pigments in ceramic glazes and paints. Additionally cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide are used as infrared transparent plates for infrared analysis.
+Cadmium is on the ILFI [[Red list of Materials|Red list]] of building materials.
 [[File:cadmium 4up.jpg|thumb|Cadmium pigments]]
 == Synonyms and Related Terms ==
-Cd; cadmia (Lat.); cadmio (It., Esp.); Cdmio (Port.); Kadmio (Sven.); Kadmium (Deut.)
+Cd; cadmia (Lat.); cadmio (It., Esp.); Cádmio (Port.); Kadmio (Sven.); Kadmium (Deut.)
+== Risks ==
+* Combustible.
+* Metal and salts are highly toxic by ingestion and inhalation.
+* Carcinogen associated with lung cancer.
+* Acute and long-term   exposures can lead to lung and kidney damage, bone loss, and hypertension
+* Teck.com: [https://www.teck.com/media/Cadmium-Metal-2018-SDS-.pdf SDS]
-== Other Properties ==
+==Physical and Chemical Properties==
 Reacts with acids.  Insoluble in water and alkalis.
@@ Line 25: / Line 35: @@
 |-
 ! scope="row"| Melting Point
-| 320.9
+| 320.9 C
 |-
 ! scope="row"| Density
-| 8.462
+| 8.462 g/ml
 |-
 ! scope="row"| Molecular Weight
@@ Line 37: / Line 47: @@
 |-
 ! scope="row"| Boiling Point
-| 765-767
+| 765-767 C
 |}
-== Hazards and Safety ==
+==Resources and Citations==
-Combustible. Metal and salts are highly toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Carcinogen.
-LINK: [http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcsneng/neng0020.html International Chemical Safety Card]
-== Additional Information ==
-Web Elements: [http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Cd/key.html Website]
-== Authority ==
+* Web Elements: [http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Cd/key.html Website]
 * ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
-* Random House, Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
+* Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
 * ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
@@ Line 60: / Line 62: @@
 * ''Chemical & Engineering News'', American Chemical Society, Washington DC, 81 (36) , Sept. 8, 2003  Comment: Robert L. Wolke, p. 120
-* Richard S. Lewis, Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
+* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
 * ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983  Comment: entry # 1583
-* G.S.Brady, G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971  Comment: p. 135
+* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971  Comment: p. 135
-* Michael McCann, Michael McCann, ''Artist Beware'', Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
+* Michael McCann, ''Artist Beware'', Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
 [[Category:Materials database]]