Difference between revisions of "Petroleum distillate"
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | A liquid mixture of light hydrocarbons obtained from crude petroleum. Gasoline, or naphtha, is the distillation fraction of petroleum that boils between 35-204C (100-400F). Kerosene is the heavier liquid fraction obtained in the boiling range of 204-343C. Mineral oil is collected from 330-360C. Additional fractions are often distilled from gasoline and have over the years been given many confusing and overlapping names: | + | A liquid mixture of light hydrocarbons obtained from crude petroleum. [[Gasoline]], or [[naphtha]], is the distillation fraction of petroleum that boils between 35-204C (100-400F). [[Kerosene]] is the heavier liquid fraction obtained in the boiling range of 204-343C. [[Mineral oil]] is collected from 330-360C. Additional fractions are often distilled from gasoline and have over the years been given many confusing and overlapping names: |
| − | + | '''- fraction (boiling range) = alternate names''' | |
| + | * volatiles (<40C) = [[propane]], [[butane]], LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), petroleum ether | ||
| + | * naphtha, light (35-60C) = petroleum ether, benzine, ligroin, petroleum spirits | ||
| + | * hydrocarbon solvents (60-100C) = [[benzene]], [[toluene]], [[hexane|hexanes]], octane, petroleum solvent | ||
| + | * [[Ligroin]] (90-150 C) = benzine, petroleum spirits, VM&P naphtha, heavy naphtha | ||
| + | * [[Mineral spirits]] (150-200C) = paint thinner, [[white spirit|white spirits]], petroleum spirits, [[Stoddard solvent]] | ||
| + | * [[Mineral wax]] = [[paraffin|paraffin]], [[microcrystalline%20wax|microcrystalline wax]], [[petrolatum|petrolatum]] | ||
| + | == Risks == | ||
| − | + | * Highly flammable. | |
| + | * Toxic by ingestion and inhalation | ||
| − | == | + | ==Resources and Citations== |
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* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993 | * Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993 | ||
Latest revision as of 09:05, 26 July 2022
Description
A liquid mixture of light hydrocarbons obtained from crude petroleum. Gasoline, or Naphtha, is the distillation fraction of petroleum that boils between 35-204C (100-400F). Kerosene is the heavier liquid fraction obtained in the boiling range of 204-343C. Mineral oil is collected from 330-360C. Additional fractions are often distilled from gasoline and have over the years been given many confusing and overlapping names:
- fraction (boiling range) = alternate names
- volatiles (<40C) = Propane, Butane, LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), petroleum ether
- naphtha, light (35-60C) = petroleum ether, benzine, ligroin, petroleum spirits
- hydrocarbon solvents (60-100C) = Benzene, Toluene, hexanes, octane, petroleum solvent
- Ligroin (90-150 C) = benzine, petroleum spirits, VM&P naphtha, heavy naphtha
- Mineral spirits (150-200C) = paint thinner, white spirits, petroleum spirits, Stoddard solvent
- Mineral wax = Paraffin, Microcrystalline wax, Petrolatum
Risks
- Highly flammable.
- Toxic by ingestion and inhalation
Resources and Citations
- Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
- Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
- Reed Kay, The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
- Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
- George Savage, Art and Antique Restorer's Handbook, Rockliff Publishing Corp, London, 1954