Difference between revisions of "Disinfectant"
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | A chemical or physical treatment that inhibits or kills microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoans). By the mid-19th century, disinfectants, such as [[phenol]] (carbolic acid) and [[iodine]], were recognized for their ability to reduce infractions. Currently the following major classes of chemical disinfecting compounds are used: | + | A chemical or physical treatment that inhibits or kills microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoans). By the mid-19th century, disinfectants, such as [[phenol]] (carbolic acid), and [[iodine]], were recognized for their ability to reduce infractions. Currently the following major classes of chemical disinfecting compounds are used: |
| − | + | * Heavy metals and their compounds: [[copper]], [[silver]] (silver sulfadiazing, [[silver nitrate]]), and mercury ([[merthiolate]], [[mercuric chloride]]) | |
| − | + | * Halogens: iodine ([[Betadine]]), and chlorine compounds ([[chlorine dioxide|chlorine gas]], [[sodium hypochlorite]], [[chloramine T|chloramine]], [[hexachlorophene]], [[chlorhexidine]]) | |
| − | + | * Alcohols: [[ethyl alcohol|ethanol]], [[isopropyl alcohol|isopropanol]] | |
| − | + | * Coal tar compounds ([[cresol]], [[creosote oil (wood)|Creosote]], [[phenol]], phenolics) and [[pine oil]] | |
| − | + | * Surfactants: both [[Cationic detergent|cationic]] and [[Anionic detergent|anionic]] detergents | |
| − | + | * Gas phase disinfectants: [[ozone]], [[ethylene oxide]], [[sulfur dioxide]], [[formaldehyde]], [[chlorine dioxide|chlorine gas]] | |
| − | + | * Ammonia: [[Quaternary ammonium disinfectant|quaternary ammonia]] compounds kill gram positive bacteria | |
| − | + | * Oxidizers: [[ozone]], [[ethylene oxide]]; [[hydrogen peroxide]] | |
| − | + | * Aldehydes and organic acids: [[formaldehyde]], [[glutaraldehyde]], [[sorbic acid]], [[citric acid]], [[benzoic acid]] | |
| − | |||
| − | + | Physical methods of disinfection include: | |
| − | + | * [[Radiation]]: infrared (heat sterilization) and ultraviolet light (surface only) | |
| − | + | * Moist heat: boiling or steam autoclaving | |
| − | + | * Pasteurization: heating and cooling cycles | |
| − | + | * Filtration: laminar flow fume hoods | |
| − | + | * Low Temperature: stops growth but does not kill all spores | |
| + | |||
| + | * Desiccation: prevents growth and replication but does not kill spores | ||
| + | |||
| + | * Osmotic pressure: | ||
== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
| Line 39: | Line 42: | ||
antiseptic; germicide; biocide | antiseptic; germicide; biocide | ||
| − | == | + | == Risks == |
Mercury compounds are poisonous. Many antiseptic cause skin irritation. | Mercury compounds are poisonous. Many antiseptic cause skin irritation. | ||
| − | == | + | == Resources and Citations == |
* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 271 | * G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 271 | ||
| Line 51: | Line 54: | ||
* ''A Glossary of Paper Conservation Terms'', Margaret Ellis (ed.), Conservation Center of the Institute of Fine Arts, New York City, 1998 | * ''A Glossary of Paper Conservation Terms'', Margaret Ellis (ed.), Conservation Center of the Institute of Fine Arts, New York City, 1998 | ||
| − | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Disinfectant." | + | * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Disinfectant." (Accessed 7 Sept. 2004 ). |
* ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976 | * ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976 | ||
| Line 59: | Line 62: | ||
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000 | * Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000 | ||
| − | * Website address | + | * Website address: swyslwyg://76/htp://mindquest.net/biology/microbiology/outlines/u_cgrwth.html |
[[Category:Materials database]] | [[Category:Materials database]] | ||
Latest revision as of 13:06, 22 July 2022
Description
A chemical or physical treatment that inhibits or kills microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoans). By the mid-19th century, disinfectants, such as Phenol (carbolic acid), and Iodine, were recognized for their ability to reduce infractions. Currently the following major classes of chemical disinfecting compounds are used:
- Heavy metals and their compounds: Copper, Silver (silver sulfadiazing, Silver nitrate), and mercury (Merthiolate, Mercuric chloride)
- Halogens: iodine (Betadine), and chlorine compounds (chlorine gas, Sodium hypochlorite, chloramine, Hexachlorophene, Chlorhexidine)
- Alcohols: ethanol, isopropanol
- Gas phase disinfectants: Ozone, Ethylene oxide, Sulfur dioxide, Formaldehyde, chlorine gas
- Ammonia: quaternary ammonia compounds kill gram positive bacteria
- Oxidizers: Ozone, Ethylene oxide; Hydrogen peroxide
- Aldehydes and organic acids: Formaldehyde, Glutaraldehyde, Sorbic acid, Citric acid, Benzoic acid
Physical methods of disinfection include:
- Radiation: infrared (heat sterilization) and ultraviolet light (surface only)
- Moist heat: boiling or steam autoclaving
- Pasteurization: heating and cooling cycles
- Filtration: laminar flow fume hoods
- Low Temperature: stops growth but does not kill all spores
- Desiccation: prevents growth and replication but does not kill spores
- Osmotic pressure:
Synonyms and Related Terms
antiseptic; germicide; biocide
Risks
Mercury compounds are poisonous. Many antiseptic cause skin irritation.
Resources and Citations
- G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 271
- Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
- A Glossary of Paper Conservation Terms, Margaret Ellis (ed.), Conservation Center of the Institute of Fine Arts, New York City, 1998
- Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Disinfectant." (Accessed 7 Sept. 2004 ).
- Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
- The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
- Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
- Website address: swyslwyg://76/htp://mindquest.net/biology/microbiology/outlines/u_cgrwth.html