Difference between revisions of "Glass fiber"

Latest revision as of 07:23, 23 August 2022

Electric guitar
MFA Acc. #: 1999.739

Description

A manufactured fiber composed of thin strands of spun Glass. Thin glass filaments were used for decoration on glass vessels by the Egyptians, Romans and Venetians. By the 18th century, glass fibers were used in imitation feathers and lamp wicks, but the fibers were too short or brittle for use in textiles. In 1893, Edward D. Libbey first made a fabric from long, flexible, continuous fibers obtained from melted glass marbles extruded through spinnerets. Now glass fibers are available as glass wool, chopped strands, scrim, cloth, and tissue. While the individual fibers are brittle, the twisted and plied yarn as well as the woven cloth is strong. Glass fibers can tolerate heat to 450 degrees centigrade without change. They are resistant to light, most chemicals and insects but are broken down by abrasion and folding. Glass fibers are used for filters, insulation, fire proof fabrics, geotextiles, tire cord, and as reinforcements in synthetic resins and Concrete. Although glass fibers are flame resistant, they are only occasionally used in fireproof household furnishings, such as draperies, lampshades, ironing board covers and tablecloths.

Glass fibers

Synonyms and Related Terms

glass fibre; fiberglass; fibreglass (Br.); Glasfaser (Deut.); fibra de vidrio (Esp.); fibre de verre (Fr.); laine de verre (Fr.); glasvezel (Ned.); glasfiber (Sven.) fiber glass; silica fiber; quartz fiber; spun glass; Fiberglas [Owens-Corning]; Marglass; Beta; Chemglass; Modiglass; Refrasil [Chemical and Insulating, England]; Avceram [Avtex Fibers]

SEM

FTIR

Risks

Nonflammable.
Broken ends of fibers can cause skin irritation.
The fibers will break in the wash spin cycles and tumbler dryers.
Orca Composites: SDS

Physical and Chemical Properties

Unaffected by bleach or organic solvents.
May be degraded by alkali solutions and strong detergents.
Fiber is smooth; cross section is circular.
Diameters= 0.7-16 micrometers
100% elastic recovery
Loses strength above 315C
Tenacity = 6.0-7.3 g/denier (dry); 3.9-4.7 (wet)
Elongation = 3-4 % (dry); 2.5-3.5 % (wet)
Moisture regain =0
Melting Point = 815 C (softens)
Density = 2.49-2.54 g/ml
Refractive Index = 1.541-1.549

Additional Images

Glass fibers
Embroidered Fiberglas souvenir
Glass Fabric
Fiberglas Wonderbook
Fiberglas Wonderbook
Fiberglas Wonderbook

Resources and Citations

M. Joseph, Introductory Textile Science, Holt Reinhold & Winston, Fort Worth, 1986.

G.Cook, Handbook of Textile Fibres:II. Man-made Fibres, 5th edition, Merrow Publishing Co., Durham, England, 1984.

Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990

Rosalie Rosso King, Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985

Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982

Identification of Textile Materials, The Textile Institute, Manchester, England, 1985

Website: 'Can this be glass? The strange story of Fiberglas-the wonder glass of the 20th Century' Owens-Corning, Toledo Ohio, 1939.

Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiberglass (Accessed Feb. 10, 2006)

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[File:1999.739-SC71628.jpg|thumb|'''MFA Acc. #:''' 1999.739]]
+[[File:1999.739-SC71628.jpg|thumb|Electric guitar<br>MFA Acc. #: 1999.739]]
 == Description ==
-A manufactured fiber composed of thin strands of spun [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=glass glass]. Thin glass filaments were used for decoration on glass vessels by the Egyptians, Romans and Venetians. By the 18th century, glass fibers were used in imitation feathers and lamp wicks, but the fibers were too short or brittle for use in textiles. In 1893, Edward D. Libbey first made a fabric from long, flexible, continuous fibers obtained from melted glass marbles extruded through spinnerets. Now glass fibers are available as glass wool, chopped strands, scrim, cloth, and tissue. While the individual fibers are brittle, the twisted and plied yarn as well as the woven cloth is strong. Glass fibers can tolerate heat to 450 degrees centigrade without change. They are resistant to light, most chemicals and insects but are broken down by abrasion and folding. Glass fibers are used for filters, insulation, fire proof fabrics, [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=geotextile geotextiles], tire cord, and as reinforcements in [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=synthetic resin synthetic resins] and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=concrete concrete]. Although glass fibers are flame resistant, they are only occasionally used in fireproof household furnishings, such as draperies, lampshades, ironing board covers and tablecloths.
+A manufactured fiber composed of thin strands of spun [[glass]]. Thin glass filaments were used for decoration on glass vessels by the Egyptians, Romans and Venetians. By the 18th century, glass fibers were used in imitation feathers and lamp wicks, but the fibers were too short or brittle for use in textiles. In 1893, Edward D. Libbey first made a fabric from long, flexible, continuous fibers obtained from melted glass marbles extruded through spinnerets. Now glass fibers are available as glass wool, chopped strands, scrim, cloth, and tissue. While the individual fibers are brittle, the twisted and plied yarn as well as the woven cloth is strong. Glass fibers can tolerate heat to 450 degrees centigrade without change. They are resistant to light, most chemicals and insects but are broken down by abrasion and folding. Glass fibers are used for filters, insulation, fire proof fabrics, [[geotextile|geotextiles]], tire cord, and as reinforcements in [[synthetic resin|synthetic resins]] and [[concrete]]. Although glass fibers are flame resistant, they are only occasionally used in fireproof household furnishings, such as draperies, lampshades, ironing board covers and tablecloths.
 [[File:Glass fibers 200x PP2.jpg|thumb|Glass fibers]]
 == Synonyms and Related Terms ==
 glass fibre; fiberglass; fibreglass (Br.); Glasfaser (Deut.); fibra de vidrio (Esp.); fibre de verre (Fr.); laine de verre (Fr.); glasvezel (Ned.); glasfiber (Sven.) fiber glass; silica fiber; quartz fiber; spun glass; Fiberglas [Owens-Corning]; Marglass; Beta; Chemglass; Modiglass; Refrasil [Chemical and Insulating, England]; Avceram [Avtex Fibers]
-[[[SliderGallery rightalign|glassfiber1500mm.jpg~SEM|glassfiber200mm.jpg~SEM]]]
+[[[SliderGallery rightalign|glassfiber1500mm.jpg~SEM|glassfiber200mm.jpg~SEM|GlassfiberTestfabrics.jpg~FTIR]]]
+== Risks ==
-== Other Properties ==
-Unaffected by bleach or organic solvents.  May be degraded by alkali solutions and strong detergents.  Fiber is smooth; cross section is circular.   Diameters= 0.7-16 micrometers;   100% elastic recovery;  Loses strength above 315C;   Tenacity = 6.0-7.3 g/denier (dry); 3.9-4.7 (wet);   Elongation = 3-4 % (dry); 2.5-3.5 % (wet);   Moisture regain =0
-{| class="wikitable"
-|-
-! scope="row"| Melting Point
-| 815 (softens)
-|-
-! scope="row"| Density
-| 2.49-2.54
-|-
-! scope="row"| Refractive Index
-| 1.541-1.549
-|}
-== Hazards and Safety ==
-Nonflammable. Broken ends of fibers can cause skin irritation. The fibers will break in the wash spin cycles and tumbler dryers.
-== Additional Information ==
+* Nonflammable.
+* Broken ends of fibers can cause skin irritation.
+* The fibers will break in the wash spin cycles and tumbler dryers.
+* Orca Composites: [http://www.fiberglasswarehouse.com/SDS/ORCA-FIBERGLASS-MATERIALS-SDS.pdf SDS]
-M. Joseph, ''Introductory Textile Science'', Holt Reinhold &amp; Winston, Fort Worth, 1986.
+== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
-G.Cook, ''Handbook of Textile Fibres:II. Man-made Fibres'', 5th edition, Merrow Publishing Co., Durham, England, 1984.
+* Unaffected by bleach or organic solvents.
+* May be degraded by alkali solutions and strong detergents.
+* Fiber is smooth; cross section is circular.
+* Diameters= 0.7-16 micrometers
+* 100% elastic recovery
+* Loses strength above 315C
+* Tenacity = 6.0-7.3 g/denier (dry); 3.9-4.7 (wet)
+* Elongation = 3-4 % (dry); 2.5-3.5 % (wet)
+* Moisture regain =0
+* Melting Point = 815 C (softens)
+* Density = 2.49-2.54 g/ml
+* Refractive Index = 1.541-1.549
 == Additional Images ==
@@ Line 46: / Line 42: @@
 File:fiberglass wonderbook_det.jpg|Fiberglas Wonderbook
 File:fiberglass wonderbook_det2.jpg|Fiberglas Wonderbook
-File:GlassfiberTestfabrics.jpg|Infrared spectrum of glass fiber
 </gallery>
+==Resources and Citations==
+* M. Joseph, ''Introductory Textile Science'', Holt Reinhold &amp; Winston, Fort Worth, 1986.
-== Authority ==
+* G.Cook, ''Handbook of Textile Fibres:II. Man-made Fibres'', 5th edition, Merrow Publishing Co., Durham, England, 1984.
 * Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Hoechst Celanese Corporation, ''Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology'' (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
@@ Line 60: / Line 58: @@
 * ''Identification of Textile Materials'', The Textile Institute, Manchester, England, 1985
-* External source or communication, External source or communication  Comment: 'Can this be glass? The strange story of Fiberglas-the wonder glass of the 20th Century' Owens-Corning, Toledo Ohio, 1939.
+* Website: 'Can this be glass? The strange story of Fiberglas-the wonder glass of the 20th Century' Owens-Corning, Toledo Ohio, 1939.
-* J.Gordon Cook, J.Gordon Cook, ''Handbook of Textile Fibres:II Man-made Fibres'', Merrow Publishing Co. , Durham, England
-* Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com  Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiberglass (Accessed Feb. 10, 2006)
+* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiberglass (Accessed Feb. 10, 2006)
 [[Category:Materials database]]