Difference between revisions of "Ruthenium"
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | A grayish-white metallic element that was discovered in 1844 by Karl Klaus of Russia. Ruthenium is a rare element that has an abundance of only 0.4 ppb in the earth's crust. It is found in [ | + | A grayish-white metallic element that was discovered in 1844 by Karl Klaus of Russia. Ruthenium is a rare element that has an abundance of only 0.4 ppb in the earth's crust. It is found in [[platinum|platinum]] ores and osmiridium. Ruthenium is most often used as a hardener in alloys with platinum, [[palladium|palladium]], [[cobalt|cobalt]], [[nickel|nickel]], or [[tungsten|tungsten]]. These hard alloys are used for jewelry, pen nibs, electrical contacts, and as nonmagnetic instrument pivots. |
== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
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Ru; ruthénium (Fr.); rutenio (It., Esp.); Rutênio (Port.); Rutenium (Sven.) | Ru; ruthénium (Fr.); rutenio (It., Esp.); Rutênio (Port.); Rutenium (Sven.) | ||
| − | == | + | == Risks == |
| − | Attacked by alkalis. Insoluble in acids | + | Fisher Scientific: [https://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/80560.htm MSDS] |
| + | |||
| + | ==Physical and Chemical Properties== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Attacked by alkalis. Insoluble in acids. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| Melting Point | ! scope="row"| Melting Point | ||
| − | | 2310 | + | | 2310 C |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| Density | ! scope="row"| Density | ||
| − | | 12.41 | + | | 12.41 g/ml |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| Molecular Weight | ! scope="row"| Molecular Weight | ||
| Line 32: | Line 36: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| Boiling Point | ! scope="row"| Boiling Point | ||
| − | | 3900-4110 | + | | 3900-4110 C |
|} | |} | ||
| − | == | + | ==Resources and Citations== |
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* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 683 | * G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 683 | ||
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* Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997 | * Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997 | ||
| − | * ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 8452; states discovered in 1828 by | + | * ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 8452; states discovered in 1828 by Osann and prepared in pure form by Klaus in 1845 |
* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 | * ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 | ||
| − | * | + | * Web elements at http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Ru/hist.html gives discovery by Karl Karlovich Klaus in 1844 |
* ''Chemical & Engineering News'', American Chemical Society, Washington DC, 81 (36) , Sept. 8, 2003 Comment: Robert H. Grubbs, p. 112, states discovered by Karl Karlovich Klaus, a Russian chemist, in 1844 | * ''Chemical & Engineering News'', American Chemical Society, Washington DC, 81 (36) , Sept. 8, 2003 Comment: Robert H. Grubbs, p. 112, states discovered by Karl Karlovich Klaus, a Russian chemist, in 1844 | ||
Latest revision as of 09:44, 28 June 2022
Description
A grayish-white metallic element that was discovered in 1844 by Karl Klaus of Russia. Ruthenium is a rare element that has an abundance of only 0.4 ppb in the earth's crust. It is found in Platinum ores and osmiridium. Ruthenium is most often used as a hardener in alloys with platinum, Palladium, Cobalt, Nickel, or Tungsten. These hard alloys are used for jewelry, pen nibs, electrical contacts, and as nonmagnetic instrument pivots.
Synonyms and Related Terms
Ru; ruthénium (Fr.); rutenio (It., Esp.); Rutênio (Port.); Rutenium (Sven.)
Risks
Fisher Scientific: MSDS
Physical and Chemical Properties
Attacked by alkalis. Insoluble in acids.
| Composition | Ru (atomic no. 44) |
|---|---|
| CAS | 7440-18-8 |
| Mohs Hardness | 6.5 |
| Melting Point | 2310 C |
| Density | 12.41 g/ml |
| Molecular Weight | atomic wt = 101.07 |
| Boiling Point | 3900-4110 C |
Resources and Citations
- G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 683
- Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
- Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
- Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
- The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 8452; states discovered in 1828 by Osann and prepared in pure form by Klaus in 1845
- The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
- Web elements at http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Ru/hist.html gives discovery by Karl Karlovich Klaus in 1844
- Chemical & Engineering News, American Chemical Society, Washington DC, 81 (36) , Sept. 8, 2003 Comment: Robert H. Grubbs, p. 112, states discovered by Karl Karlovich Klaus, a Russian chemist, in 1844