Difference between revisions of "Disinfectant"
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* Heavy metals and their compounds: [[copper]], [[silver]] (silver sulfadiazing, [[silver nitrate]]), and mercury ([[merthiolate]], [[mercuric chloride]]) | * Heavy metals and their compounds: [[copper]], [[silver]] (silver sulfadiazing, [[silver nitrate]]), and mercury ([[merthiolate]], [[mercuric chloride]]) | ||
| − | * Halogens: iodine ([[Betadine]]), and chlorine compounds ([[chlorine dioxide|chlorine gas]], | + | * Halogens: iodine ([[Betadine]]), and chlorine compounds ([[chlorine dioxide|chlorine gas]], [[sodium hypochlorite]], [[chloramine T|chloramine]], [[hexachlorophene]], [[chlorhexidine]]) |
* Alcohols: [[ethyl alcohol|ethanol]], [[isopropyl alcohol|isopropanol]] | * Alcohols: [[ethyl alcohol|ethanol]], [[isopropyl alcohol|isopropanol]] | ||
| − | * Coal tar compounds ([[cresol]], [[creosote oil (wood)| | + | * Coal tar compounds ([[cresol]], [[creosote oil (wood)|Creosote]], [[phenol]], phenolics) and [[pine oil]] |
| − | * Surfactants: both cationic and anionic detergents | + | * Surfactants: both [[Cationic detergent|cationic]] and [[Anionic detergent|anionic]] detergents |
| − | * Gas phase disinfectants: [[ozone]], [[ethylene oxide]], [[sulfur dioxide]], [[formaldehyde]], chlorine gas | + | * Gas phase disinfectants: [[ozone]], [[ethylene oxide]], [[sulfur dioxide]], [[formaldehyde]], [[chlorine dioxide|chlorine gas]] |
| − | * Ammonia: quaternary ammonia compounds kill gram positive bacteria | + | * Ammonia: [[Quaternary ammonium disinfectant|quaternary ammonia]] compounds kill gram positive bacteria |
* Oxidizers: [[ozone]], [[ethylene oxide]]; [[hydrogen peroxide]] | * Oxidizers: [[ozone]], [[ethylene oxide]]; [[hydrogen peroxide]] | ||
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* [[Radiation]]: infrared (heat sterilization) and ultraviolet light (surface only) | * [[Radiation]]: infrared (heat sterilization) and ultraviolet light (surface only) | ||
| − | * Moist heat: boiling or steam | + | * Moist heat: boiling or steam autoclaving |
* Pasteurization: heating and cooling cycles | * Pasteurization: heating and cooling cycles | ||
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antiseptic; germicide; biocide | antiseptic; germicide; biocide | ||
| − | == | + | == Risks == |
Mercury compounds are poisonous. Many antiseptic cause skin irritation. | Mercury compounds are poisonous. Many antiseptic cause skin irritation. | ||
Latest revision as of 13:06, 22 July 2022
Description
A chemical or physical treatment that inhibits or kills microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoans). By the mid-19th century, disinfectants, such as Phenol (carbolic acid), and Iodine, were recognized for their ability to reduce infractions. Currently the following major classes of chemical disinfecting compounds are used:
- Heavy metals and their compounds: Copper, Silver (silver sulfadiazing, Silver nitrate), and mercury (Merthiolate, Mercuric chloride)
- Halogens: iodine (Betadine), and chlorine compounds (chlorine gas, Sodium hypochlorite, chloramine, Hexachlorophene, Chlorhexidine)
- Alcohols: ethanol, isopropanol
- Gas phase disinfectants: Ozone, Ethylene oxide, Sulfur dioxide, Formaldehyde, chlorine gas
- Ammonia: quaternary ammonia compounds kill gram positive bacteria
- Oxidizers: Ozone, Ethylene oxide; Hydrogen peroxide
- Aldehydes and organic acids: Formaldehyde, Glutaraldehyde, Sorbic acid, Citric acid, Benzoic acid
Physical methods of disinfection include:
- Radiation: infrared (heat sterilization) and ultraviolet light (surface only)
- Moist heat: boiling or steam autoclaving
- Pasteurization: heating and cooling cycles
- Filtration: laminar flow fume hoods
- Low Temperature: stops growth but does not kill all spores
- Desiccation: prevents growth and replication but does not kill spores
- Osmotic pressure:
Synonyms and Related Terms
antiseptic; germicide; biocide
Risks
Mercury compounds are poisonous. Many antiseptic cause skin irritation.
Resources and Citations
- G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 271
- Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
- A Glossary of Paper Conservation Terms, Margaret Ellis (ed.), Conservation Center of the Institute of Fine Arts, New York City, 1998
- Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Disinfectant." (Accessed 7 Sept. 2004 ).
- Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
- The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
- Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
- Website address: swyslwyg://76/htp://mindquest.net/biology/microbiology/outlines/u_cgrwth.html