Difference between revisions of "Turmeric"

Latest revision as of 15:51, 18 December 2024

Tapis dyed with turmeric
MFA# 1980.282

Description

Turmeric Ukon rhizomes

A natural yellow or brown dye obtained from the root the Curcuma domestica (or C. longa) plant native to India and southeast Asia where it was used as a flavoring and colorant (textiles and skin). It was also known in Mesopotamia and used by the ancient Greeks and Romans. When imported to Europe is 1612, turmeric became a popular yellow dye for Silk scarves. In 17th and 18th c. Japan, turmeric was the most commonly used yellow colorant for woodblock prints.

When sold as a powder, turmeric was prepared by drying either the grated roots, or the hot water extract. The primary color component in turmeric is curcumin. It is a water-soluble dye that forms a bright yellow color on Cotton without a Mordant. Darker orange to brown shades are produced with Alum, Tin, Chromium, and Copper mordants. Iron mordants produce a dull green shade. The fugitive colorant was also used to make Yellow pigments and to tint varnishes. Turmeric is currently used as a flavoring agent in curry powder and as a yellow colorant in mustard, cheese, Paper, Wood, and Wax.

Turmeric

Synonyms and Related Terms

tumeric (sp, AAT); Curcuma domestica; Curcuma longa; Natural Yellow 3; CI 75300; curcumin; safran des Indes (Fr.); Gelbwurz (Deut.); terra merita (It.); cúrcuma (Esp.); curcuma (Ned., Port.); merita earth; camotilla; haide; halad; Indian saffron; safran d'Inde; souchet; ukon (Jap.); tumerick; turmerech; terre merite; yellow ginger; yellow root; yo-kin

FTIR (MFA)

EEM (MFA)

Risks

The colorant is sensitive to light and will fade.
ThermoFisher: SDS

Physical and Chemical Properties

Curcumin is soluble in water, ethanol and ether.
Turmeric is yellow in neutral and acidic solutions but will turn brownish-red in alkaline solutions.
Turmeric is fluorescent in UV light*
ISO R105 Lightfastness Classification = 1
Composition = C21H20O6
CAS = 458-37-7
Melting Point = 183 C
Molecular Weight = mol. wt. = 368.39

Additional Images

Ground turmeric
Turmeric
Ukon

Resources and Citations

Palmy Weigle, Ancient Dyes for Modern Weavers, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York, 1974 Comment: Gives plant name as Curcuma longa
R.D. Harley, Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835, Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982
Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982 Comment: Gives plant name as Curcuma longa
John and Margaret Cannon, Dye Plants and Dyeing, Herbert Press, London, 1994
R.Feller, M.Curran, C.Bailie, 'Identification of Traditional Organic Colorants Employed in Japanese Prints and Determination of their Rates of Fading', Japanese Woodblock Prints, Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College, Oberlin, 1984
F. Crace-Calvert, Dyeing and Calico Printing, Palmer & Howe, London, 1876 Comment: Gives plant name as Curcuma longa
J. Thornton, 'The Use of Dyes and Colored Varnishes in Wood Polychromy', Painted Wood: History and Conservation, The Getty Conservation Insitute, Los Angeles, 1998 Comment: lists Curcuma domestica as currently accepted name; C.longa as former; also C.tinctoria, C.verdiflora as additional names
Sigma Dyes, Stains and Natural Pigments, Infrared Library, Nicolet, 1991-1995 Comment: OMNIC: formula= C21H20O6, CAS= 458-37-7, plant name as C.longa
Helmut Schweppe, Schweppe color collection index and information book
The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 9955
The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Colour Index International online at www.colour-index.org Comment: CAS= 458-37-7
G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 360
Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing) Comment: Gives plant name as Curcuma longa
Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989
"Violin Varnish Glossary" at www.violins.on.ca/luthier.vargloss.html - gives plant name as Curcuma longa
Tom Rowland, Noel Riley, A-Z Guide to Cleaning, Conserving and Repairing Antiques, Constable and Co., Ltd., London, 1981
Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Wikipedia: Turmeric

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 == Description ==
 [[File:13 Turmeric root.jpg|thumb|Turmeric ''Ukon'' rhizomes]]
-A natural yellow or brown dye obtained from the root the ''Curcuma domestica'' (or ''C. longa'') plant native to India and southeast Asia. Turmeric was used in Polynesia as a textile and skin dye. It was known in Mesopotamia and used by the ancient Greeks and Romans. When it was imported to Europe is 1612, it became a popular yellow dye for [[silk]] scarves. The roots are dried then powdered for sale. The primary color component in turmeric is curcumin. It is a water-soluble dye that forms a bright yellow color on [[cotton]] without a [[mordant]]. Darker orange to brown shades are produced with [[alum]], [[ tin]], [[chromium]], and [[copper]] mordants. [[Iron]] mordants produce a dull green shade. The fugitive colorant was also used to make [[yellow pigments]] and to tint varnishes. Turmeric is currently used as a flavoring agent in curry powder and as a yellow colorant in mustard, cheese, [[paper]], [[wood]], and [[wax]].
+A natural yellow or brown dye obtained from the root the ''Curcuma domestica'' (or ''C. longa'') plant native to India and southeast Asia where it was used as a flavoring and colorant (textiles and skin). It was also known in Mesopotamia and used by the ancient Greeks and Romans. When imported to Europe is 1612, turmeric became a popular yellow dye for [[silk]] scarves. In 17th and 18th c. Japan, turmeric was the most commonly used yellow colorant for woodblock prints.
+When sold as a powder, turmeric was prepared by drying either the grated roots, or the hot water extract. The primary color component in turmeric is [[Curcuma|curcumin]]. It is a water-soluble dye that forms a bright yellow color on [[cotton]] without a [[mordant]]. Darker orange to brown shades are produced with [[alum]], [[ tin]], [[chromium]], and [[copper]] mordants. [[Iron]] mordants produce a dull green shade. The fugitive colorant was also used to make [[yellow pigments]] and to tint varnishes. Turmeric is currently used as a flavoring agent in curry powder and as a yellow colorant in mustard, cheese, [[paper]], [[wood]], and [[wax]].
 [[File:turmeric_pieces.jpg|thumb|Turmeric]]
 == Synonyms and Related Terms ==
 tumeric (sp, AAT); ''Curcuma domestica; Curcuma longa''; Natural Yellow 3; CI 75300; curcumin; safran des Indes (Fr.); Gelbwurz (Deut.); terra merita (It.); cúrcuma (Esp.); curcuma (Ned., Port.); merita earth; camotilla; haide; halad; Indian saffron; safran d'Inde; souchet; ukon (Jap.); tumerick; turmerech; terre merite; yellow ginger; yellow root; yo-kin
-[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Turmeric, ground, McCormick.TIF~FTIR (MFA)]]]
+[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Turmeric, ground, McCormick.TIF~FTIR (MFA)|Turmeric EEM ref.jpg~EEM (MFA)]]]
 == Risks ==
-Color is sensitive to light. Turns red in alkaline and acid solutions.
+* The colorant is sensitive to light and will fade.
+* ThermoFisher: [https://www.fishersci.com/store/msds?partNumber=AC218580100&productDescription=CURCUMIN+98%2B%25%28UV%29+10GR&vendorId=VN00032119&countryCode=US&language=en SDS]
-ThermoFisher: [https://www.fishersci.com/store/msds?partNumber=AC218580100&productDescription=CURCUMIN+98%2B%25%28UV%29+10GR&vendorId=VN00032119&countryCode=US&language=en SDS]
 == Physical and Chemical Properties ==
-Curcumin is soluble in water, ethanol and ether.
+* Curcumin is soluble in water, ethanol and ether.
+* Turmeric is yellow in neutral and acidic solutions but will turn brownish-red in alkaline solutions.
-Fluoresces green.
+* Turmeric is fluorescent in UV light*
+* ISO R105 Lightfastness Classification = 1
-ISO R105 Lightfastness Classification = 1
+* Composition = C21H20O6
+* CAS = 458-37-7
-{| class="wikitable"
+* Melting Point = 183 C
-|-
+* Molecular Weight = mol. wt. = 368.39
-! scope="row"| Composition
-| C21H20O6
-|-
-! scope="row"| CAS
-| 458-37-7
-|-
-! scope="row"| Melting Point
-| 183 C
-|-
-! scope="row"| Molecular Weight
-| mol. wt. = 368.39
-|}
 == Additional Images ==
@@ Line 49: / Line 39: @@
 * Palmy Weigle, ''Ancient Dyes for Modern Weavers'', Watson-Guptill Publications, New York, 1974  Comment: Gives plant name as Curcuma longa
 * R.D. Harley, ''Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835'', Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982
 * Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, ''Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology'', U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982  Comment: Gives plant name as Curcuma longa
 * John and Margaret Cannon, ''Dye Plants and Dyeing'', Herbert Press, London, 1994
 * R.Feller, M.Curran, C.Bailie, 'Identification of Traditional Organic Colorants Employed in Japanese Prints and Determination of their Rates of Fading', ''Japanese Woodblock Prints'', Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College, Oberlin, 1984
 * F. Crace-Calvert, ''Dyeing and Calico Printing'', Palmer & Howe, London, 1876  Comment: Gives plant name as Curcuma longa
 * J. Thornton, 'The Use of Dyes and Colored Varnishes in Wood Polychromy', ''Painted Wood: History and Conservation'', The Getty Conservation Insitute, Los Angeles, 1998  Comment: lists Curcuma domestica as currently accepted name; C.longa as former; also C.tinctoria, C.verdiflora as additional names
 * Sigma Dyes, Stains and Natural Pigments, Infrared Library, Nicolet, 1991-1995  Comment: OMNIC: formula= C21H20O6, CAS= 458-37-7, plant name as C.longa
 * Helmut Schweppe, Schweppe color collection index and information book
 * ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983  Comment: entry 9955
 * ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
 * Colour Index International online at www.colour-index.org   Comment: CAS= 458-37-7
 * G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971  Comment: p. 360
 * Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)  Comment: Gives plant name as Curcuma longa
 * Book and Paper Group, ''Paper Conservation Catalog'', AIC, 1984, 1989
 * "Violin Varnish Glossary" at www.violins.on.ca/luthier.vargloss.html - gives plant name as Curcuma longa
 * Tom Rowland, Noel Riley, ''A-Z Guide to Cleaning, Conserving and Repairing Antiques'', Constable and Co., Ltd., London, 1981
 * Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
+* Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmeric Turmeric]
 [[Category:Materials database]]