Difference between revisions of "Caulking materials, generic"
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! Characteristics and Risks | ! Characteristics and Risks | ||
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| − | | Fibers/Wood | + | | [[Fiber|Fibers]]/[[Wood]] |
| ancient times | | ancient times | ||
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| Line 24: | Line 24: | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| − | | Wax | + | | [[Wax]] |
| ancient times | | ancient times | ||
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| becomes soft with heat | | becomes soft with heat | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Tar | + | | [[Tar]] |
| ancient times | | ancient times | ||
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| Line 40: | Line 40: | ||
| Oil-based caulk (sometimes lead-based putty) | | Oil-based caulk (sometimes lead-based putty) | ||
| 19th-20th c. | | 19th-20th c. | ||
| − | | 10-15% linseed oil with calcium | + | | 10-15% [[linseed oil]] with [[calcium carbonate]], [[Red lead|red]] or [[white lead]] and sometimes other inorganic fillers ([[talc]], [[alum]], [[asbestos]]) |
| | | | ||
| Seal window to frame, fill defects in wood and metal; surround pipe joint | | Seal window to frame, fill defects in wood and metal; surround pipe joint | ||
| Line 54: | Line 54: | ||
| Gesso putty | | Gesso putty | ||
| | | | ||
| − | | gelatin with chalk | + | | [[gelatin]] with [[chalk]] |
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| − | | Rubber (natural, vulcanized) | + | | [[Rubber (natural, vulcanized)|Rubber]] (natural, vulcanized) |
| 19th c to WWII | | 19th c to WWII | ||
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| Line 66: | Line 66: | ||
| waterproof, can crack due to ozone | | waterproof, can crack due to ozone | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Polysulfide (Thiokol) | + | | [[Polysulfide]] ([[Thiokol]]) |
| 1950s | | 1950s | ||
| − | | Any synthetic rubber vulcanized with sulfur (Neoprene, styrene-butadiene, polyisoprene) | + | | Any synthetic rubber vulcanized with sulfur ([[Neoprene]], [[Styrene-butadiene rubber|styrene-butadiene]], [[Polyisoprene|polyisoprene]]) |
| Neoprene, Thiokol | | Neoprene, Thiokol | ||
| o-rings, pipe linings, building joints, and as sealants to fill joints in pavements, and glass/metal connections. | | o-rings, pipe linings, building joints, and as sealants to fill joints in pavements, and glass/metal connections. | ||
| may release sulfur; may contain PCBs; poor tensile strength; abrade easily; replaced in 1980s by silicone and urethane sealants | | may release sulfur; may contain PCBs; poor tensile strength; abrade easily; replaced in 1980s by silicone and urethane sealants | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Butyl rubber | + | | [[Butyl rubber]] |
| 1950s | | 1950s | ||
| − | | Isobutylene-isoprene, talc | + | | Isobutylene-isoprene, talc, calcium carbonate, mineral spirits, adhesion promoters |
| | | | ||
| primarily used outdoors for metal and masonry joints that may expand and contract (gutters) | | primarily used outdoors for metal and masonry joints that may expand and contract (gutters) | ||
Revision as of 17:47, 11 September 2022
Description
Any material used to fill or seal joints and openings. Many names have been used historically and commercially for these materials including:
- caulking (noun); caulk (verb); calking (sp); cauking (sp.); sealant; putty; spackle
For this database, the term 'Caulking' will be used. This table tries to include most types of materials that have been used. For a specific comparison of commercial products, please see: Comparison of commercial caulking materials.
| Caulk/putty | Earliest use | Composition | Examples | Applications | Characteristics and Risks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fibers/Wood | ancient times | boats | |||
| Wax | ancient times | vessels | becomes soft with heat | ||
| Tar | ancient times | boats | |||
| Oil-based caulk (sometimes lead-based putty) | 19th-20th c. | 10-15% Linseed oil with Calcium carbonate, red or White lead and sometimes other inorganic fillers (Talc, Alum, Asbestos) | Seal window to frame, fill defects in wood and metal; surround pipe joint | Lead compounds accelerate drying; some components are toxic | |
| Cement putty | concrete | mortar | |||
| Gesso putty | Gelatin with Chalk | ||||
| Rubber (natural, vulcanized) | 19th c to WWII | gaskets, shock mounts, | waterproof, can crack due to ozone | ||
| Polysulfide (Thiokol) | 1950s | Any synthetic rubber vulcanized with sulfur (Neoprene, styrene-butadiene, Polyisoprene) | Neoprene, Thiokol | o-rings, pipe linings, building joints, and as sealants to fill joints in pavements, and glass/metal connections. | may release sulfur; may contain PCBs; poor tensile strength; abrade easily; replaced in 1980s by silicone and urethane sealants |
| Butyl rubber | 1950s | Isobutylene-isoprene, talc, calcium carbonate, mineral spirits, adhesion promoters | primarily used outdoors for metal and masonry joints that may expand and contract (gutters) | sticky and messy, but more resistant to sunlight than natural rubbers; combustible; paintable | |
| Acrylic (solvent-based) | 1958 | solvent cured acrylic resin with calcium carbonate, silica, solvent and plasticizer. | |||
| Silicone | 1960s | silicone resin cured with moisture or peroxides; may contain fumed silica, calcium carbonate, ground quartz, carbon black, talc, plasticizers, acetone,, methylene chloride. | Silastic, Clear Museum gel | used around plumbing fixtures; to caulk joints in bathroom tiles; seal gap on exterior walls/roofs around pipes and wirings | water-repellent; long-life; wide temperature range; mold/mildew resistant; not paintable; poor adhesion; may release acetic acid or methanol on cure; may have residual curing compounds and silicone oils; may stain porous materials; some silicone caulks contain latex making them paintable but less durable |
| Polyurethane elastomers | Polyurethane cured with moisture; calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, aromatic naphthas and petroleum distillates; | Vulkem | primarily used for sealing cracks and expansion joints in driveways and other outdoor concrete surfaces. It's also suitable for filling and repairing cracks in masonry-stucco walls. | very durable; abrasion resistant; flexible at low temperatures; combustible producing toxic fumes; may release acetic acid on curing, aging, or deterioration; susceptible to hydrolysis that may decrease adhesion | |
| Vinyl latex | late 1960s | Vinyl (polyvinyl acetate) or Acrylic emulsion in water with calcium carbonate, plasticizers | Reprosil | fill small gaps and blemishes in wood trim prior to painting | inexpensive; may be painted and used outdoors; may evolve trace acetic acid as it cures |
| Acrylic latex | Butyl methacrylate, calcium carbonate, water | Flugger | fill small gaps and blemishes in wood trim prior to painting | inexpensive, fast-drying, and paintable; minimal shrinkage; used indoors |