Hydraulic cement
Description
A calcium-containing Cement that reacts with water to harden, even without drying, into a water-resistant solid. Hydraulic cements composed of Lime and volcanic ash (Pozzolana) were first used in ancient Greece and Rome. The mixture must contain at least 12% of a silicate/aluminate component such as Clay, Calcium silicate (Portland cement), Calcium aluminate, magnesium oxychloride, Pozzolana, Slag, barium silicate/barium aluminate, brick dust, volcanic ash, Pumice, etc. These may be present as original components in the burnt limestone or as additives. In water, the lime mixture hardens to a water resistant solid due to complex exothermic chemical changes involving the hydration of calcium silicates and aluminates.
Examples are: Roman cement, and Portland cement.
Synonyms and Related Terms
ciment hydraulique (Fr.); cimento hidráulico (Port.); water cement; water lime; Roman cement; portland cement; Rosendale cement; slate cement; hydraulic lime; pozzolana
Risks
- Reaction with water may be exothermic
Resources and Citations
- J.H.Wills, "Inorganic Adhesives and Cements" in Handbook of Adhesives, I.Skeist (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1977. p.117-138.
- John Ashurst "The Technology and Use of Hydraulic Lime" Building Conservation Directory 1997: Link -(contains specifications and characteristics of different mixture compositions)
- R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
- Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
- Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
- Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
- Wikipedia: Cement Accessed March 2025