Difference between revisions of "Pentachlorophenol"
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Colorless, crystalline powder that was made by the chlorination of [[phenol|phenol]]. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) was used as a [[fungicide|fungicide]], [[bactericide|bactericide]], and [[algicide|algicide]]. It was used commercially for the preservation of [[wood|wood]], [[paper|paper]], [[starch|starch]], [[dextrin|dextrin]], and [[glue|glue]]. When tested as a potential fungicide in a closed container, PCP produced enough [[hydrogen%20chloride|hydrogen chloride]] to corrode [[iron|iron]] fasteners within 24 hours. The sodium salt, sodium pentachlorophenate or PCPNa (Santobrite and Dowicide G), is sometimes used as a replacement to minimize acid formation. Some objects (paper, [[textile|textiles]], [[leather|leather]], and historic wood buildings) may still contain toxic levels of PCP due to its wide use prior to 1987 when its use in the U.S. was banned. | Colorless, crystalline powder that was made by the chlorination of [[phenol|phenol]]. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) was used as a [[fungicide|fungicide]], [[bactericide|bactericide]], and [[algicide|algicide]]. It was used commercially for the preservation of [[wood|wood]], [[paper|paper]], [[starch|starch]], [[dextrin|dextrin]], and [[glue|glue]]. When tested as a potential fungicide in a closed container, PCP produced enough [[hydrogen%20chloride|hydrogen chloride]] to corrode [[iron|iron]] fasteners within 24 hours. The sodium salt, sodium pentachlorophenate or PCPNa (Santobrite and Dowicide G), is sometimes used as a replacement to minimize acid formation. Some objects (paper, [[textile|textiles]], [[leather|leather]], and historic wood buildings) may still contain toxic levels of PCP due to its wide use prior to 1987 when its use in the U.S. was banned. | ||
| + | PCP is on the ILFI [[Red list of Materials|Red list]] of building materials. | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[[SliderGallery rightalign|pentachlorophenol.jpg~Chemical structure]]] | ||
== Synonyms and Related Terms == | == Synonyms and Related Terms == | ||
PCP; Penta; penchlorol; pentachlorphenol; Santophen 20 [Monsanto]; Santobrite (PCPNa) [Monsanto]; Dowicide EC7 [Dow Chemical]; Dowicide G (PCPNa) [Dow Chemical]; Weedone | PCP; Penta; penchlorol; pentachlorphenol; Santophen 20 [Monsanto]; Santobrite (PCPNa) [Monsanto]; Dowicide EC7 [Dow Chemical]; Dowicide G (PCPNa) [Dow Chemical]; Weedone | ||
| − | [ | + | == Risks == |
| + | |||
| + | * Toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. LD50 = 146=175 mg/kg | ||
| + | * Can corrode metals. May discolor wood, textiles, and pigments. | ||
| + | * Noncombustible. | ||
| + | * Restek: [https://www.restek.com/documentation/msds/31297_useng.pdf SDS] | ||
| − | == | + | == Physical and Chemical Properties == |
| − | Needle-like crystals. Soluble in dilute alkali, ethanol, ether, benzene. Slightly soluble in water. | + | * Needle-like crystals. |
| + | * Soluble in dilute alkali, ethanol, ether, benzene. Slightly soluble in water. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 22: | Line 31: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| Melting Point | ! scope="row"| Melting Point | ||
| − | | 190-191 | + | | 190-191 C |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| Density | ! scope="row"| Density | ||
| − | | 1.978 | + | | 1.978 g/ml |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| Molecular Weight | ! scope="row"| Molecular Weight | ||
| Line 31: | Line 40: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| Boiling Point | ! scope="row"| Boiling Point | ||
| − | | 309-310 | + | | 309-310 C |
|} | |} | ||
| − | == | + | == Resources and Citations == |
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| − | |||
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* Lynda A. Zycherman, J.Richard Schrock, ''A Guide to Museum Pest Control'', FAIC and Association of Systematics Collections, Washington DC, 1988 | * Lynda A. Zycherman, J.Richard Schrock, ''A Guide to Museum Pest Control'', FAIC and Association of Systematics Collections, Washington DC, 1988 | ||
| − | |||
* G.Caneva, M.P.Nugari, O.Salvadori, ''Biology in the Conservation of Works of Art'', ICCROM, Rome, 1991 | * G.Caneva, M.P.Nugari, O.Salvadori, ''Biology in the Conservation of Works of Art'', ICCROM, Rome, 1991 | ||
| − | |||
* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993 | * Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993 | ||
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* ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 7242 | * ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 7242 | ||
| − | |||
* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 413 | * G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 413 | ||
| − | |||
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, ''Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology'', U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982 | * Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, ''Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology'', U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982 | ||
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* Hermann Kuhn, ''Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities'', Butterworths, London, 1986 | * Hermann Kuhn, ''Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities'', Butterworths, London, 1986 | ||
| − | |||
* Pam Hatchfield, ''Pollutants in the Museum Environment'', Archetype Press, London, 2002 | * Pam Hatchfield, ''Pollutants in the Museum Environment'', Archetype Press, London, 2002 | ||
| − | + | * Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentachlorophenol (Accessed Feb. 10, 2006) | |
| − | * Wikipedia | ||
[[Category:Materials database]] | [[Category:Materials database]] | ||
Latest revision as of 13:35, 3 November 2023
Description
Colorless, crystalline powder that was made by the chlorination of Phenol. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) was used as a Fungicide, Bactericide, and Algicide. It was used commercially for the preservation of Wood, Paper, Starch, Dextrin, and Glue. When tested as a potential fungicide in a closed container, PCP produced enough Hydrogen chloride to corrode Iron fasteners within 24 hours. The sodium salt, sodium pentachlorophenate or PCPNa (Santobrite and Dowicide G), is sometimes used as a replacement to minimize acid formation. Some objects (paper, textiles, Leather, and historic wood buildings) may still contain toxic levels of PCP due to its wide use prior to 1987 when its use in the U.S. was banned.
PCP is on the ILFI Red list of building materials.
Synonyms and Related Terms
PCP; Penta; penchlorol; pentachlorphenol; Santophen 20 [Monsanto]; Santobrite (PCPNa) [Monsanto]; Dowicide EC7 [Dow Chemical]; Dowicide G (PCPNa) [Dow Chemical]; Weedone
Risks
- Toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. LD50 = 146=175 mg/kg
- Can corrode metals. May discolor wood, textiles, and pigments.
- Noncombustible.
- Restek: SDS
Physical and Chemical Properties
- Needle-like crystals.
- Soluble in dilute alkali, ethanol, ether, benzene. Slightly soluble in water.
| Composition | C6Cl5OH |
|---|---|
| CAS | 87-86-5 |
| Melting Point | 190-191 C |
| Density | 1.978 g/ml |
| Molecular Weight | mol. wt.=266.4 |
| Boiling Point | 309-310 C |
Resources and Citations
- Lynda A. Zycherman, J.Richard Schrock, A Guide to Museum Pest Control, FAIC and Association of Systematics Collections, Washington DC, 1988
- G.Caneva, M.P.Nugari, O.Salvadori, Biology in the Conservation of Works of Art, ICCROM, Rome, 1991
- Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
- The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 7242
- G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 413
- Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
- Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
- Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002
- Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentachlorophenol (Accessed Feb. 10, 2006)