Difference between revisions of "Pentachlorophenol"

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== Description ==
 
== Description ==
  
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Colorless, crystalline powder that was made by the chlorination of [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=phenol phenol]. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) was used as a [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=fungicide fungicide], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=bactericide bactericide], and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=algicide algicide]. It was used commercially for the preservation of [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=wood wood], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=paper paper], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=starch starch], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=dextrin dextrin], and [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=glue glue]. When tested as a potential fungicide in a closed container, PCP produced enough [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=hydrogen%20chloride hydrogen chloride] to corrode [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=iron iron] fasteners within 24 hours. The sodium salt, sodium pentachlorophenate or PCPNa (Santobrite and Dowicide G), is sometimes used as a replacement to minimize acid formation. Some objects (paper, [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=textile textiles], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=leather leather], and historic wood buildings) may still contain toxic levels of PCP due to its wide use prior to 1987 when its use in the U.S. was banned.
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Colorless, crystalline powder that was made by the chlorination of [[phenol|phenol]]. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) was used as a [[fungicide|fungicide]], [[bactericide|bactericide]], and [[algicide|algicide]]. It was used commercially for the preservation of [[wood|wood]], [[paper|paper]], [[starch|starch]], [[dextrin|dextrin]], and [[glue|glue]]. When tested as a potential fungicide in a closed container, PCP produced enough [[hydrogen%20chloride|hydrogen chloride]] to corrode [[iron|iron]] fasteners within 24 hours. The sodium salt, sodium pentachlorophenate or PCPNa (Santobrite and Dowicide G), is sometimes used as a replacement to minimize acid formation. Some objects (paper, [[textile|textiles]], [[leather|leather]], and historic wood buildings) may still contain toxic levels of PCP due to its wide use prior to 1987 when its use in the U.S. was banned.
  
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PCP is on the ILFI [[Red list of Materials|Red list]] of building materials.
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[[[SliderGallery rightalign|pentachlorophenol.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
  
 
PCP; Penta; penchlorol; pentachlorphenol; Santophen 20 [Monsanto]; Santobrite (PCPNa) [Monsanto]; Dowicide EC7 [Dow Chemical]; Dowicide G (PCPNa) [Dow Chemical]; Weedone
 
PCP; Penta; penchlorol; pentachlorphenol; Santophen 20 [Monsanto]; Santobrite (PCPNa) [Monsanto]; Dowicide EC7 [Dow Chemical]; Dowicide G (PCPNa) [Dow Chemical]; Weedone
  
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[[[SliderGallery rightalign|pentachlorophenol.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
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== Risks ==
 +
 
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* Toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. LD50 = 146=175 mg/kg 
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* Can corrode metals. May discolor wood, textiles, and pigments. 
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* Noncombustible. 
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* Restek: [https://www.restek.com/documentation/msds/31297_useng.pdf SDS]
  
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== Other Properties ==
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== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
  
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Needle-like crystals. Soluble in dilute alkali, ethanol, ether, benzene.  Slightly soluble in water.
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* Needle-like crystals.  
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* Soluble in dilute alkali, ethanol, ether, benzene.  Slightly soluble in water.
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
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|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Melting Point
 
! scope="row"| Melting Point
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| 190-191
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| 190-191 C
 
|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Density
 
! scope="row"| Density
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| 1.978
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| 1.978 g/ml
 
|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Molecular Weight
 
! scope="row"| Molecular Weight
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|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Boiling Point
 
! scope="row"| Boiling Point
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| 309-310
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| 309-310 C
 
|}
 
|}
  
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== Hazards and Safety ==
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== Resources and Citations ==
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Toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. LD50 = 146=175 mg/kg 
 
−
 
 
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Can corrode metals. May discolor wood, textiles, and pigments. 
 
−
 
 
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Noncombustible. 
 
−
 
 
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[http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcsneng/neng0069.html International Chemical Safety Card]
 
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== Authority ==
 
  
 
* Lynda A. Zycherman, J.Richard Schrock, ''A Guide to Museum Pest Control'', FAIC and Association of Systematics Collections, Washington DC, 1988
 
* Lynda A. Zycherman, J.Richard Schrock, ''A Guide to Museum Pest Control'', FAIC and Association of Systematics Collections, Washington DC, 1988
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* G.Caneva, M.P.Nugari, O.Salvadori, ''Biology in the Conservation of Works of Art'', ICCROM, Rome, 1991
 
* G.Caneva, M.P.Nugari, O.Salvadori, ''Biology in the Conservation of Works of Art'', ICCROM, Rome, 1991
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* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
 
* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
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* ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983  Comment: entry 7242
 
* ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983  Comment: entry 7242
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* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971  Comment: p. 413
 
* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971  Comment: p. 413
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* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, ''Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology'', U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
 
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, ''Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology'', U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
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* Hermann Kuhn, ''Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities'', Butterworths, London, 1986
 
* Hermann Kuhn, ''Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities'', Butterworths, London, 1986
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* Pam Hatchfield, ''Pollutants in the Museum Environment'', Archetype Press, London, 2002
 
* Pam Hatchfield, ''Pollutants in the Museum Environment'', Archetype Press, London, 2002
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* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentachlorophenol (Accessed Feb. 10, 2006)
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* Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com  Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentachlorophenol (Accessed Feb. 10, 2006)
 
  
  
  
 
[[Category:Materials database]]
 
[[Category:Materials database]]

Latest revision as of 13:35, 3 November 2023

Description

Colorless, crystalline powder that was made by the chlorination of Phenol. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) was used as a Fungicide, Bactericide, and Algicide. It was used commercially for the preservation of Wood, Paper, Starch, Dextrin, and Glue. When tested as a potential fungicide in a closed container, PCP produced enough Hydrogen chloride to corrode Iron fasteners within 24 hours. The sodium salt, sodium pentachlorophenate or PCPNa (Santobrite and Dowicide G), is sometimes used as a replacement to minimize acid formation. Some objects (paper, textiles, Leather, and historic wood buildings) may still contain toxic levels of PCP due to its wide use prior to 1987 when its use in the U.S. was banned.

PCP is on the ILFI Red list of building materials.

Chemical structure

Pentachlorophenol.jpg

Synonyms and Related Terms

PCP; Penta; penchlorol; pentachlorphenol; Santophen 20 [Monsanto]; Santobrite (PCPNa) [Monsanto]; Dowicide EC7 [Dow Chemical]; Dowicide G (PCPNa) [Dow Chemical]; Weedone

Risks

  • Toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. LD50 = 146=175 mg/kg
  • Can corrode metals. May discolor wood, textiles, and pigments.
  • Noncombustible.
  • Restek: SDS

Physical and Chemical Properties

  • Needle-like crystals.
  • Soluble in dilute alkali, ethanol, ether, benzene. Slightly soluble in water.
Composition C6Cl5OH
CAS 87-86-5
Melting Point 190-191 C
Density 1.978 g/ml
Molecular Weight mol. wt.=266.4
Boiling Point 309-310 C

Resources and Citations

  • Lynda A. Zycherman, J.Richard Schrock, A Guide to Museum Pest Control, FAIC and Association of Systematics Collections, Washington DC, 1988
  • G.Caneva, M.P.Nugari, O.Salvadori, Biology in the Conservation of Works of Art, ICCROM, Rome, 1991
  • Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
  • The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 7242
  • G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 413
  • Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
  • Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
  • Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002
  • Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentachlorophenol (Accessed Feb. 10, 2006)

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