Difference between revisions of "Hematite"

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[[File:93.1483-20-24.jpg|thumb|]]
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[[File:Hematiteballs141112.jpg|thumb|Hematite Balls<br>MFA# 14.1112]]
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[[File:93.1483-20-24.jpg|thumb|Cylinder seal<br>MFA# 93.1483]]
 
== Description ==
 
== Description ==
  
 
A metallic black-gray or dark red mineral primarily composed of [[ferric oxide|iron oxide]]. Hematite is commonly found throughout the world. The primary source for hematite is a sedimentary deposit in the Lake Superior district in North America. Other deposits include Brazil (Minas Gerais), Venezuela (Cerro Bolívar) and Canada (Labrador, Quebec). Hematite physically occurs in many forms: specular ore (steel gray color, shiny crystals); micaceous hematite (gray, scaly flakes), [[red ocher]] (soft, fine-grain, red powder); kidney ore (massive, gray botryoidal form), and pencil ore (gray, fibrous crystals). Because hematite has a high [[iron]] content (70%), it is primarily used for smelting iron. Hematite has been used since ancient times as a red pigment in paints and glazes. It was also used for seals, beads, and small carvings since the early 3rd millineum. Hematite is still used as a paint pigment. It is also used in [[jewelers' rouge]] for polishing glass. Hematite can be used to produce the sparkle in [[aventurine]] ceramic glazes.
 
A metallic black-gray or dark red mineral primarily composed of [[ferric oxide|iron oxide]]. Hematite is commonly found throughout the world. The primary source for hematite is a sedimentary deposit in the Lake Superior district in North America. Other deposits include Brazil (Minas Gerais), Venezuela (Cerro Bolívar) and Canada (Labrador, Quebec). Hematite physically occurs in many forms: specular ore (steel gray color, shiny crystals); micaceous hematite (gray, scaly flakes), [[red ocher]] (soft, fine-grain, red powder); kidney ore (massive, gray botryoidal form), and pencil ore (gray, fibrous crystals). Because hematite has a high [[iron]] content (70%), it is primarily used for smelting iron. Hematite has been used since ancient times as a red pigment in paints and glazes. It was also used for seals, beads, and small carvings since the early 3rd millineum. Hematite is still used as a paint pigment. It is also used in [[jewelers' rouge]] for polishing glass. Hematite can be used to produce the sparkle in [[aventurine]] ceramic glazes.
  
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[[File:1972.1172b-SC37892.jpg|thumb|]]
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[[File:1972.1172b-SC37892.jpg|thumb|Maya vessel<br>MFA# 1972.1172]]
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== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
  
 
iron (III) oxide; haematite (Br.); Hämatit (Deut.); Blutstein (Deut.); Eisenglanz (Deut.); Specularit (Deut.); Iserin (Deut.); Roteisenstein (Deut.); Roteisenerz (Deut.); hematites (Esp.); hématite (Fr.); hematiet (Ned.); hemtyt (Pol); hematite (Port.); iron sesquioxide; red iron ore; bloodstone; iron oxide red; red iron oxide; ferric oxide, red ocher; black diamond; iron rose; kidney ore; martite; paint ore; specularite
 
iron (III) oxide; haematite (Br.); Hämatit (Deut.); Blutstein (Deut.); Eisenglanz (Deut.); Specularit (Deut.); Iserin (Deut.); Roteisenstein (Deut.); Roteisenerz (Deut.); hematites (Esp.); hématite (Fr.); hematiet (Ned.); hemtyt (Pol); hematite (Port.); iron sesquioxide; red iron ore; bloodstone; iron oxide red; red iron oxide; ferric oxide, red ocher; black diamond; iron rose; kidney ore; martite; paint ore; specularite
 +
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Hematite crystals, large (Forbes MFA 70) 50X resize.tif~Raman (MFA)|PIG72.jpg~XRD (MFA)|fkhaemsem.jpg~SEM (MFA)|fkhaemedsbw.jpg~EDS (MFA)|hematite.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
  
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[[[SliderGallery rightalign|hematiteitaly3.jpg~Raman|PIG72.jpg~XRD|fkhaemsem.jpg~SEM|fkhaemedsbw.jpg~EDS|hematite.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
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== Risks ==
  
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== Other Properties ==
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* Noncombustible. No significant hazards. 
 +
* Fisher Scientific: [https://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/00795.htm MSDS]
  
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Hexagonal crystal systems with granular crystals.  No cleavage planes. 
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== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
  
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Fracture = uneven to splintery. Luster = metallic. Streak = dark red to cherry red.
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* Trigonal crystal system with thick granular or tabular crystals 
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* Cleavage = none 
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* Fracture = uneven to splintery  
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* Luster = metallic  
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* Streak = dark red to cherry red
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* Fluorescence = inert
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
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|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Melting Point
 
! scope="row"| Melting Point
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| 2849
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| 2849 C
 
|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Density
 
! scope="row"| Density
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| 4.2-5.3
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| 4.2-5.3 g/ml
 
|-
 
|-
 
! scope="row"| Molecular Weight
 
! scope="row"| Molecular Weight
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! scope="row"| Refractive Index
 
! scope="row"| Refractive Index
 
| 2.78; 3.01
 
| 2.78; 3.01
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|-
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! scope="row"| Birefringence
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| 0.280 (usually not detectable)
 
|}
 
|}
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== Hazards and Safety ==
 
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Noncombustible. No significant hazards. 
 
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Fisher Scientific: [https://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/00795.htm MSDS]
 
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== Additional Information ==
 
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° Mineralogy Database: [http://www.webmineral.com/data/Hematite.shtml Hematite]
 
  
 
== Comparisons ==
 
== Comparisons ==
  
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[[media:download_file_213.pdf|Properties of Common Abrasives]]
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[[media:download_file_200.pdf|Properties of Common Abrasives]]
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== Additional Images ==
 
== Additional Images ==
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</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
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==Resources and Citations==
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== Authority ==
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* Mineralogy Database: [http://www.webmineral.com/data/Hematite.shtml Hematite]
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* Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016.
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* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com  Comment: hematite" Encyclopædia Britannica [Accessed December 11, 2001].
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* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com  Comment: hematite" [Accessed December 11, 2001].
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* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966
 
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966
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* Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
 
* Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
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* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
 
* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
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* Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematite Hematite] (Accessed Sept. 7, 2005 and Jn 2023)
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* Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com  Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematite (Accessed Sept. 7, 2005)
 
−
 
 
 
* Michael McCann, ''Artist Beware'', Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
 
* Michael McCann, ''Artist Beware'', Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
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* Jack Odgen, ''Jewellery of the Ancient World'', Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982
 
* Jack Odgen, ''Jewellery of the Ancient World'', Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982
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* George Savage, ''Art and Antique Restorer's Handbook'', Rockliff Publishing Corp, London, 1954
 
* George Savage, ''Art and Antique Restorer's Handbook'', Rockliff Publishing Corp, London, 1954
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* ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
 
* ''Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia'', Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
−
 
 
* Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
 
* Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
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* A.Lucas, J.R.Harris, ''Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries'', Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., London, 4th edition, 1962
 
* A.Lucas, J.R.Harris, ''Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries'', Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., London, 4th edition, 1962
−
 
 
* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
 
* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
−
 
 
* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
 
* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
−
 
 
* ''CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics'', Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980  Comment: density=4.9-5.3
 
* ''CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics'', Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980  Comment: density=4.9-5.3
  

Latest revision as of 14:43, 24 January 2023

Hematite Balls
MFA# 14.1112
Cylinder seal
MFA# 93.1483

Description

A metallic black-gray or dark red mineral primarily composed of iron oxide. Hematite is commonly found throughout the world. The primary source for hematite is a sedimentary deposit in the Lake Superior district in North America. Other deposits include Brazil (Minas Gerais), Venezuela (Cerro Bolívar) and Canada (Labrador, Quebec). Hematite physically occurs in many forms: specular ore (steel gray color, shiny crystals); micaceous hematite (gray, scaly flakes), Red ocher (soft, fine-grain, red powder); kidney ore (massive, gray botryoidal form), and pencil ore (gray, fibrous crystals). Because hematite has a high Iron content (70%), it is primarily used for smelting iron. Hematite has been used since ancient times as a red pigment in paints and glazes. It was also used for seals, beads, and small carvings since the early 3rd millineum. Hematite is still used as a paint pigment. It is also used in Jewelers' rouge for polishing glass. Hematite can be used to produce the sparkle in Aventurine ceramic glazes.

Maya vessel
MFA# 1972.1172

Synonyms and Related Terms

iron (III) oxide; haematite (Br.); Hämatit (Deut.); Blutstein (Deut.); Eisenglanz (Deut.); Specularit (Deut.); Iserin (Deut.); Roteisenstein (Deut.); Roteisenerz (Deut.); hematites (Esp.); hématite (Fr.); hematiet (Ned.); hemtyt (Pol); hematite (Port.); iron sesquioxide; red iron ore; bloodstone; iron oxide red; red iron oxide; ferric oxide, red ocher; black diamond; iron rose; kidney ore; martite; paint ore; specularite

Raman (MFA)

Hematite crystals, large (Forbes MFA 70) 50X resize.tif

XRD (MFA)

PIG72.jpg

SEM (MFA)

Fkhaemsem.jpg

EDS (MFA)

Fkhaemedsbw.jpg

Chemical structure

Hematite.jpg


Risks

  • Noncombustible. No significant hazards.
  • Fisher Scientific: MSDS

Physical and Chemical Properties

  • Trigonal crystal system with thick granular or tabular crystals
  • Cleavage = none
  • Fracture = uneven to splintery
  • Luster = metallic
  • Streak = dark red to cherry red
  • Fluorescence = inert
Composition Fe2O3
CAS 1309-37-1; 1317-60-8
Mohs Hardness 5.5 - 6.5
Melting Point 2849 C
Density 4.2-5.3 g/ml
Molecular Weight mol. wt. = 159.6922
Refractive Index 2.78; 3.01
Birefringence 0.280 (usually not detectable)

Comparisons

Properties of Common Abrasives

Additional Images

  • Hematite

  • Hematite

  • Hematite

  • hematite

  • Hematite

  • Hematite

  • Hematite

Resources and Citations

  • Mineralogy Database: Hematite
  • Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016.
  • Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: hematite" [Accessed December 11, 2001].
  • R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
  • Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
  • C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
  • Wikipedia: Hematite (Accessed Sept. 7, 2005 and Jn 2023)
  • Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
  • Jack Odgen, Jewellery of the Ancient World, Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982
  • George Savage, Art and Antique Restorer's Handbook, Rockliff Publishing Corp, London, 1954
  • Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
  • Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
  • A.Lucas, J.R.Harris, Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries, Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., London, 4th edition, 1962
  • The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
  • Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
  • CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: density=4.9-5.3

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