Fluorochrome

Description

A fluorescent substance used to detect the presence of another material. Examples of fluorochromes used in the detection of art materials are: Berberine sulfate, Acridine orange, Acridine yellow, Auramine O, Blancophor R, Cycloheptaamylose dansyl chloride, Dichlorofluorescein, Fluorescein isothiocyanate, Lissamine Rhodamine B Sulfonyl Chloride, Primuline, Pyronine Y, Rhodamine B, Rosaniline, Serotonin, Tetracycline, and Texas Red.

Fluorochrome	Excitation Wavelength	Emission Wavelength
Acid Fuchsin	540	630
Acridine Orange (Bound to DNA)	502	526
Acridine Red	455-600	560-680
Acridine Yellow	470	550
Acriflavin	436	520
AFA (Acriflavin Feulgen SITSA)	355-425	460
Alizarin Complexon	530-560	580
Alizarin Red	530-560	580
Allophycocyanin	650	661
ACMA	430	474
AMCA-S, AMC	345	445
Aminoactinomycin D	555	655
7-Aminoactinomycin D-AAD	546	647
Aminocoumarin	350	445
Anthroyl Stearate	361-381	446
Astrazon Brilliant Red 4G	500	585
Astrazon Orange R	470	540
Astrazon Red 6B	520	595
Astrazon Yellow 7 GLL	450	480
Atabrine	436	490
Auramine	460	550
Aurophosphine	450-490	515
Aurophosphine G	450	580
BAO 9-(Bisamino-phenyloxadiazole)	365	395
BCECF	505	530
Berberine Sulphate	430	550
Bisbenzamide	360	600-610
BOBO-1, BO-PRO-1	462	481
Blancophor FFG Solution	390	470
Blancophor SV	370	435
Bodipy Fl	503	512
Bodipy TMR	542	574
Bodipy TR	589	617
BOPRO 1	462	481
Brilliant Sulpho-flavin FF	430	520
Calcein	494	517
Calcien Blue	370	435
Calcium Green	505	532
Calcium Orange	549	576
Calcofluor RW Solution	370	440
Calcofluor White	440	500-520
Calcofluor White ABT Solution	380	475
Calcofluor White Standard Solution	365	435
5-(and 6-)carboxy SNARF-1 indicator	548(low pH) 576(high pH)	587(low pH) 635(high pH)
6-Carboxyrhodamine 6G	525	555
Cascade Blue	400	425
Catecholamine	410	470
Chinacrine	450-490	515
CL-NERF	504(low pH) 514(high pH)	587(low pH) 540(high pH)
Coriphosphine O	460	575
Coumarin-Phalloidin	387	470
CY3.18	554	568
CY5.18	649	666
CY7	710	805
DANS (1-DimethylAmino-Naphthaline-5-Sulphonic Acid)	340	525
DANSA (DiaminoNaphthyl-Sulphonic Acid)	340-380	430
Dansyl NH-CH3 in water	340	578
DAPI	350	470
DiA	456	590
Diamino Phenyl Oxydiazole (DAO)	280	460
Di-8-ANEPPS	488	605
Dimethylamino-5-Sulphonic Acid	310-370	520
DiI [DiIC18(3)]	549	565
DiO [DiOC18(3)]	484	501
Diphenyl Brilliant Flavine 7GFF	430	520
DM-NERF	497(low pH) 510(high pH)	527(low pH) 536(high pH)
Dopamine	340	490-520
ELF-97 alcohol	345	530
Eosin	525	545
Erythrosin ITC	530	558
Ethidium Bromide	510	595
Euchrysin	430	540
FIF (Formaldehyde Induced Fluorescence)	405	435
Flazo Orange	375-530	612
Fluorescein	494	518
Fluorescein Iso-thiocyanate (FITC)	490	525
Fluo 3	485	503
FM1-43	479	598
Fura-2	363(low [Ca2+]) 335(high [Ca2+])	512(low [Ca2+]) 505(high [Ca2+])
Fura Red	472(low [Ca2+]) 436(high [Ca2+])	657(low [Ca2+]) 637(high [Ca2+])
Genacryl Brilliant Red B	520	590
Genacryl Brilliant Yellow 10GF	430	485
Genacryl Pink 3G	470	583
Genacryl Yellow 5GF	430	475
Gloxalic Acid	405	460
Granular Blue	355	425
Haematoporphyrin	530-560	580
Hoechst 33258, 33342 (Bound to DNA)	352	461
3-Hydroxypyrene-5,-8,10-TriSulfonic Acid	403	513
7-Hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin	360	455
5-Hydroxy-Tryptamine (5-HT)	380-415	520-530
Indo-1	350	405-482
Intrawhite Cf Liquid	360	430
Leucophor PAF	370	430
Leucophor SF	380	465
Leucophor WS	395	465
Lissamine Rhodamine B200 (RD200)	575	595
Lucifer Yellow CH	425	528
Lucifer Yellow VS	430	535
LysoSensor Blue DND-192, DND-167	374	425
LysoSensor Green DND-153, DND-189	442	505
LysoSensor Yellow/Blue	384(low pH) 329(high pH)	540(low pH) 440(high pH)
LysoTracker Green	504	511
LysoTracker Yellow	534	551
LysoTracker Red	577	592
Magdala Red	524	600
Magnesium Green	506	531
Magnesium Orange	550	575
Maxilon Brilliant Flavin 10 GFF	450	495
Maxilon Brilliant Flavin 8 GFF	460	495
Mitotracker Green FM	490	516
Mitotracker Orange CMTMRos	551	576
MPS (Methyl Green Pyronine Stilbene)	364	395
Mithramycin	450	570
NBD	465	535
NBD Amine	450	530
Nile Red	515-530	525-605
Nitrobenzoxadidole	460-470	510-650
Noradrenaline	340	490-520
Nuclear Fast Red	289-530	580
Nuclear Yellow	365	495
Nylosan Brilliant Flavin E8G	460	510
Oregon Green 488 fluorophore	496	524
Oregon Green 500 fluorophore	503	522
Oregon Green 514 fluorophore	511	530
Pararosaniline (Feulgen)	570	625
Phorwite AR Solution	360	430
Phorwite BKL	370	430
Phorwite Rev	380	430
Phorwite RPA	375	430
Phosphine 3R	465	565
Phosphine R	480-565	578
Pontochrome Blue Black	535-553	605
POPO-1, PO-PRO-1	434	456
Primuline	410	550
Procion Yellow	470	600
Propidium Iodide	536	617
Pyronine	410	540
Pyronine B	540-590	560-650
Pyrozal Brilliant Flavin 7GF	365	495
Quinacrine Mustard	423	503
R-phycoerythrin	565	575
Rhodamine 110	496	520
Rhodamine 123	511	534
Rhodamine 5 GLD	470	565
Rhodamine 6G	526	555
Rhodamine B	540	625
Rhodamine B 200	523-557	595
Rhodamine B Extra	550	605
Rhodamine BB	540	580
Rhodamine BG	540	572
Rhodamine Green fluorophore	502	527
Rhodamine Red	570	590
Rhodamine WT	530	555
Rhodol Green fluorophore	499	525
Rose Bengal	540	550-600
Serotonin	365	520-540
Sevron Brilliant Red 2B	520	595
Sevron Brilliant Red 4G	500	583
Sevron Brilliant Red B	530	590
Sevron Orange	440	530
Sevron Yellow L	430	490
SITS (Primuline)	395-425	450
SITS (Stilbene Isothiosulphonic Acid)	365	460
Sodium Green	507	535
Stilbene	335	440
Snarf 1	563	639
Sulpho Rhodamine B Can C	520	595
Sulpho Rhodamine G Extra	470	570
SYTOX Green nucleic acid stain	504	523
SYTO Green fluorescent nucleic acid stains	494 ± 6	515 ± 7
	515 ± 7	543 ± 13
SYTO 17 red fluorescent nucleic acid stain	621	634
Tetracycline	390	560
TRITC (Tetramethyl Rhodamine Isothiocyanate)	557	576
Texas Red	596	615
Thiazine Red R	510	580
Thioflavin S	430	550
Thioflavin TCN	350	460
Thioflavin 5	430	550
Thiolyte	370-385	477-484
Thiozol Orange	453	480
Tinopol CBS	390	430
TOTO 1, TO-RRO-1	514	533
TOTO 3, TO-PRO-3	642	661
True Blue	365	420-430
Ultralite	656	678
Uranine B	420	520
Uvitex SFC	365	435
X-Rhodamine	580	605
Xylene Orange	546	580
XRITC	582	601
YOYO-1, YOYO-PRO-1	491	509
YOYO-3, YOYO-PRO-3	612	631

Synonyms and Related Terms

Fluorochrom (Deut.); fluorescent stain; fluorescent dye

Resources and Citations

• Olympus LS: Fluorochrome table

• Richard C. Wolbers, Nanette T. Sterman, Chris Stavroudis, Notes for Workshop on New Methods in the Cleaning of Paintings, J.Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 1990

• Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997

• The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998

• Table of fluorochromes at http://pingu.salk.edu/flow/fluo.html