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  • Graff C stain
    #REDIRECT [[Graff "C" stain]]
    29 bytes (4 words) - 17:20, 18 August 2014
  • Graff "C" stain
    ...le:Cotton_rag_40x_endslabel.jpg|thumb|Cotton fibers stained with Graff "C" Stain]] ...de, [[calcium chloride]], [[zinc chloride]], and [[potassium iodide]]. "C" stain can be used as a spot test for the presence of lignin.
    3 KB (405 words) - 22:14, 30 April 2016

Page text matches

  • Paper pulp
    Cotton rag 40x endslabel.jpg|Cotton rag paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain Hemp 40x2.jpg|Hemp paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
    2 KB (317 words) - 13:45, 23 August 2022
  • Graff C stain
    #REDIRECT [[Graff "C" stain]]
    29 bytes (4 words) - 17:20, 18 August 2014
  • Graff "C" stain
    ...le:Cotton_rag_40x_endslabel.jpg|thumb|Cotton fibers stained with Graff "C" Stain]] ...de, [[calcium chloride]], [[zinc chloride]], and [[potassium iodide]]. "C" stain can be used as a spot test for the presence of lignin.
    3 KB (405 words) - 22:14, 30 April 2016
  • Wood pulp
    ...WBS puget 10x label.jpg|Softwood sulfite paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain File:SUBK 10x2 label.jpg|Softwood kraft paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
    2 KB (224 words) - 11:57, 27 June 2022
  • Rag
    Cotton rag 40x endslabel.jpg|Cotton rag paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain Hemp 40x2.jpg|Hemp paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
    1 KB (180 words) - 17:01, 8 September 2022
  • Kraft process
    ...x2 label.jpg|thumb|Unbleached softwood kraft fibers stained with Graff "C" Stain]] ...hing, pulps will appear lighter and tend more toward red when treated with stain, though this can be difficult to see with hardwood pulps. The stained color
    3 KB (402 words) - 15:22, 6 June 2022
  • Chemical wood pulp
    ...iolet to red violet response to iodine-zinc chloride solution. [[Graff "C" stain]] can be used to distinguish types of chemical pulping and bleaching. File:SWBS puget 10x label.jpg|Chemical softwood stained with Graff "C" Stain
    3 KB (412 words) - 14:50, 29 April 2016
  • Hardwood
    ...shape, etc. Fibers are short with thin walls. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: varies with pulping process and bleaching; [[kraft process|Kraft]]=dark File:Redoak vessels 10x.jpg|Red oak paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
    3 KB (446 words) - 13:33, 12 October 2020
  • Grass
    ...guish [[straw|cereal straws]] from each other. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: dark blue. Common pulping method: [[Soda]]. File:Esparto 40x serratedepi.jpg|Esparto paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
    2 KB (309 words) - 13:19, 29 October 2020
  • Alpha cellulose
    ...in alpha cellulose can be identified using [[Graff "C" stain]], which will stain pinkish red. Examples of common paper fibers that are high in alpha cellulo ...x pinoidpitslabel.jpg|Softwood Bleached Alpha Fiber stained with Graff "C" stain
    3 KB (388 words) - 10:18, 26 April 2022
  • Sulfite process
    ...0x label.jpg|thumb|Softwood bleached sulfite fibers stained with Graff "C" Stain at 10x]] [[File:HWsulfite 40x.jpg|thumb|Hardwood sulfite pulp stained with Graff "C" stain at 40x]]
    3 KB (437 words) - 14:02, 28 September 2022
  • Softwood
    ...such as ray parenchyma pits, size, width, etc. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: [[sulfite process|sulfite]]= warm pink to grey, appearance gets lighter ...10x label.jpg|Softwood bleached sulfite paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
    4 KB (527 words) - 13:31, 12 October 2020
  • Bast fiber
    ...cies, but typically pinkish red due to high [[alpha cellulose]], nodes may stain red. Average dimensions of fibers: varies with species. Common pulping meth Hemp 40x2.jpg|Hemp paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
    3 KB (449 words) - 14:38, 29 October 2020
  • Sugar pine
    ...ze and occur mostly commonly in groups of two. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: varies with pulping and bleaching. Ray tracheids are non-dentate. Averag File:UBK sugar pine 10x.jpg|Sugar pine paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
    2 KB (282 words) - 13:48, 28 September 2022
  • Mechanical wood pulp
    ...oroglucinol]] turns red (Roberts and Etherington 1982), 5) and [[Graff "C" stain]] will turn yellow due the presence of lignin. File:SWGW 10x label.jpg|Softwood groundwood pulp stained with Graff "C" Stain at 10x
    2 KB (295 words) - 15:52, 26 September 2022
  • Mitsumata
    ...with variable ends. the lumen varies in width. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: yellowish pink. Mistumata stains lighter than [[kozo]] fibers due to a h File:Mits 40x.jpg|Mitsumata fibers stained with Graff "C" stain
    2 KB (345 words) - 14:39, 29 October 2020
  • Lodgepole pine
    ...is common. Dentate ray tracheids are present. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: varies with pulping and bleaching . Average dimensions of fibers: length ...pine 40x compression.jpg|Lodgepole pine paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
    3 KB (369 words) - 10:16, 8 October 2020
  • Scotch pine
    ...:Scotch pine 10x.jpg|thumb|Scotch pine paper fibers stained with Graff "C" stain]] ...:Scotch pine 40x.jpg|thumb|Scotch pine paper fibers stained with Graff "C" stain]]
    2 KB (311 words) - 11:31, 8 October 2020
  • Soda process
    ...will appear lighter and tend more toward blue or purple when treated with stain. * J. H. Graff "Color Atlas for Fiber Identification" The Institute of Paper Chemistry, Ap
    1 KB (201 words) - 18:35, 1 May 2016
  • White oak
    ...rforations are simple. Tyloses may be present. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: dark blue, but varies with bleaching. Average dimensions of fibers: leng File:Whiteoak 10x.jpg|White oak paper pulp stained with Graff "C" Stain
    3 KB (359 words) - 09:52, 27 June 2022
  • Rice
    File:Rice 40x.jpg|Rice paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain File:Rice 40x smallvessels.jpg|Rice paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
    2 KB (256 words) - 16:09, 25 August 2022
  • Rag paper
    Cotton rag 40x endslabel.jpg|Cotton rag paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain File:Flax 40x nodes bastshive.jpg|Flax paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
    2 KB (267 words) - 13:25, 9 September 2022
  • Yellow pine
    ...early wood. Dentate ray tracheids are present. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: varies with pulping and bleaching. Average dimensions of fibers: length File:SYP2 10x.jpg|Southern yellow pine paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
    2 KB (339 words) - 16:06, 8 October 2020
  • Red oak
    [[File:Redoak vessels 10x.jpg|thumb|Red Oak paper pulp stained with Graff "C" Stain]] [[File:Redoak 40x.jpg|thumb|Red Oak paper pulp stained with Graff "C" Stain]]
    3 KB (386 words) - 13:37, 3 October 2022
  • Red pine
    [[File:Red pine 10x.jpg|thumb|Red pine paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain at 10x]] [[File:Red pine 40x.jpg|thumb|Red pine paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain at 40x]]
    3 KB (362 words) - 13:52, 3 October 2022
  • Holly
    ...are scalariform with tapered, spiraled ends . Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: dark blue, but varies with bleaching. Common pulping method: [[kraft pro File:Holly 40x.jpg|Holly paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
    3 KB (373 words) - 09:17, 3 October 2020
  • Pine
    ...es for specific morphological characteristics. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: varies with pulping and bleaching. Average dimensions of fibers: varies ...0x compression.jpg|Lodgepole pine paper pulp at 40x stained with Graff "C" stain
    5 KB (696 words) - 10:38, 22 October 2022
  • Yellow birch
    Yellowbirch 10x.jpg|Yellow birch paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain Yellowbirch 40x.jpg|Yellow birch paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
    2 KB (270 words) - 17:05, 4 September 2020
  • Tupelo
    ...s. Perforations are scalariform with >15 bars. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: dark blue, but varies with bleaching. Average dimensions of fibers: leng Blackgum opp pitting 40x.jpg|Black gum paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
    2 KB (336 words) - 09:55, 22 June 2022
  • Ponderosa pine
    ...pine 40x pinoid.jpg|thumb|Ponderosa pine paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain]] ...derosa pine 40x.jpg|thumb|Ponderosa pine paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain]]
    3 KB (409 words) - 13:15, 27 September 2022
  • Spruce
    ...odiod features. Ray tracheids are non-dentate. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: varies with pulping method . Average dimensions of fibers: length, 3.4mm File:Spruce 10x.jpg| Spruce paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
    4 KB (507 words) - 17:37, 12 October 2020
  • Western hemlock
    ...lock 40x pits2label.jpg|thumb|Western Hemlock fiber stained with Graff "C" Stain]] ...acheids are non-dentate and usually collapsed. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: varies with pulping method. Average dimensions of fibers: length, 4.2mm;
    2 KB (271 words) - 16:50, 8 October 2020
  • Tulip tree
    ...s. Perforations are scalariform with <10 bars. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: dark blue, but varies with bleaching. Average dimensions of fibers: leng Yellowpoplar 10x.jpg|Yellow poplar paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
    3 KB (392 words) - 14:03, 21 June 2022
  • Acacia
    ...in horizontal rows. Perferations are simple . Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: dark blue, varies with bleaching. Average dimensions of fibers: length, Acacia 10x.jpg|Acacia paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
    3 KB (445 words) - 15:43, 18 April 2022
  • Sisal
    ...ingy elements, and unwound spiral thickenings. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: greyish-blue. Average dimensions of fibers: length 3mm, width 20μm. Com File:Sisal 10x.jpg|Sisal paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain at 10x
    4 KB (509 words) - 13:01, 31 May 2022
  • Kozo
    ...ons and cross-markings are present, but faint. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: purple-red, ranging from light to dark. Average dimensions of fibers: le File:Kozo 40x.jpg|Kozo fibers stained with Graff "C" Stain at 40x
    2 KB (336 words) - 15:20, 5 October 2022
  • Bagasse
    ...Separated spiral thickenings may be present. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: Dark blue, but varies with bleaching. Average dimensions of fibers: leng File:Bagasse 10x longvessels.jpg|Bagasse paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
    3 KB (452 words) - 16:06, 1 May 2022
  • Oat
    File:Oat 40x unwoundspirals.jpg|Oat paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
    927 bytes (134 words) - 13:42, 15 October 2020
  • Cherry wood
    ...gular open spiraling. Perforations are simple. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: dark blue, but varies with bleaching. Common pulping method: [[kraft pro Blackcherry 10x.jpg|Black cherry paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain at 10x
    4 KB (514 words) - 12:08, 28 May 2022
  • Kenaf
    ...Vessels are profuse if whole plant is pulped. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: grey-blue. Average dimensions of fibers: length 5mm, width 21μm. Common Kenaf 10x.jpg|Kenaf paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain at 10x
    4 KB (519 words) - 14:22, 2 October 2022
  • Common ash
    ...arly shaped vasocentric trachieds are present. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: dark blue, but varies with bleaching. Average dimensions of fibers: leng Ash 10x.jpg|Ash paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain at 10x
    4 KB (499 words) - 11:14, 4 July 2022
  • Oak
    ...simple. Tyloses are present in [[white oak]]. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: dark blue, but varies with bleaching. Average dimensions of fibers: leng ...of chips. The high tannic acid in oak can turn screw black, that in turn stain the wood.
    5 KB (776 words) - 08:39, 4 August 2022
  • Sycamore
    ...tions are scalariform, typically on both ends. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: dark blue, but varies with bleaching. Common pulping method: [[kraft pro File:Sycamore 40x.jpg|American Sycamore paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
    4 KB (518 words) - 10:27, 4 October 2020
  • Lignin
    | 250-275 C ...e paper fibers to stain yellow when treated with [[Graff "C" stain]]. This stain is often used to determine the presence of lignin in paper samples and for
    3 KB (471 words) - 14:34, 7 October 2022
  • Bamboo
    ...bamboo does not have serrated epidermal cells. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: reddish blue. Average dimensions of fibers: length 2.7mm; width 14μm. C File:Bamboo 10x.jpg|Bamboo pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
    4 KB (491 words) - 12:50, 29 October 2020
  • Kapok
    ...fibers can be spoon-shaped with widened lumen. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: Orange-red, but greys with bleaching. Average dimensions of fibers: leng File:Kapok 10x.jpg|Kapok fibers stained with Graff "C" stain at 10x
    4 KB (516 words) - 12:41, 15 September 2022
  • Hickory
    ...vellana (It.); hazelaar (Ned.); Hassel (Nor.); Leszczyna pospolita (Pol.); cária (Port.); hasseln (Sven.) ...dimensions of fibers: length 1.3mm, 17μm wide. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: dark blue, but varies with bleaching. Common pulping method: [[kraft pro
    4 KB (518 words) - 10:34, 15 October 2020
  • Aspen
    ...in horizontal groups. Perforations are simple. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: dark blue, but varies with bleaching. Average dimensions of fibers: leng Aspen 40x2.jpg|Aspen paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
    4 KB (548 words) - 14:18, 3 March 2023
  • Esparto grass
    ...l. The presence of esparto in a paper may be determined by the [[Hertzberg stain|Hertzberg test]] (iodine-chloride solution - positive stains deep violet) o ...ls (tricomb cells) are present in all grasses. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: dark blue. Average dimensions of fibers: length 1.2mm; width 13μm. Comm
    3 KB (481 words) - 14:21, 5 August 2022
  • Liquidambar
    ...sels have spirals. Fiber tracheids are common. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: dark blue, but varies with bleaching. Average dimensions of fibers: leng Redgum 40x.jpg|Red gum paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain at 40x
    4 KB (526 words) - 10:45, 16 September 2022
  • Douglas fir
    ...difference between early and late wood fibers. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: pale pink, varies with pulping and bleaching. Average dimensions of fibe ...:Douglas fir 40x spirals.jpg|Douglas fir paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
    4 KB (583 words) - 15:40, 22 July 2022
  • Ramie
    ...ions that are finer than [[flax]] or [[hemp]]. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: red due to high [[alpha cellulose]]. Average dimensions of fibers: lengt File:Ramie 40x striations.jpg|Ramie paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
    5 KB (633 words) - 12:46, 29 October 2020
  • Beech
    ...ller vessels can have scalariform on one end . Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: dark blue, but varies with bleaching. Average dimensions of fibers: leng Beech 10x2.jpg|Beech paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
    4 KB (603 words) - 13:31, 2 May 2022
  • Eucalyptus
    ...rows. Vasocentric trachieds are also present. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: varies with bleaching. Average dimensions of fibers: length 1.1mm, width File:Euc vessel 40x.jpg|Eucalyptus pulp stained with Graff "C" Stain
    4 KB (489 words) - 16:45, 5 August 2022
  • Gmelina
    ...verse walls across the lumen are also present. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: dark blue, but varies with bleaching. Average dimensions of fibers: leng
    1 KB (200 words) - 12:58, 24 July 2022
  • Elm
    [[File:1994.204a-c-SC58836.jpg|thumb|Puzzle jar<br>MFA# 1994.204a-c]] [[File:elmleafcm.jpg|thumb|Elm branch (''Ulmus vegeta C.'')]]
    5 KB (759 words) - 17:19, 6 July 2023
  • Larch
    ...etween early and late wood fibers can be seen. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: pale pink, varies with pulping and bleaching. Average dimensions of fibe File:Larch 10x.jpg|Larch paper pulp stained with Graffs "C" Stain
    3 KB (487 words) - 10:36, 2 October 2020
  • Abaca
    ...wide, well-defined lumen. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: Nodes will stain red. Average dimensions of fibers: length, 5-6mm. 20-24μm wide. Common pul File:Abaca 10x.jpg|Abaca pulp stained with Graff "C" Stain
    5 KB (759 words) - 10:24, 8 November 2023
  • Maple
    ...vessels is alternate. Perforations are simple. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: dark blue, but varies with bleaching. Average dimensions of fibers: leng ..., straight grain that machines well and turns easily. The surface accepts stain easily and can be polished to an attractive finish. The hard, close grain
    5 KB (783 words) - 14:17, 3 March 2023
  • Redwood
    ...ized taxodiod pits 3+ across. Fibers are wide. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: varies with pulping and bleaching. Average dimensions of fibers: length File:Redwood 10x.jpg|Redwood paper fibers stained with Graffs "C" stain
    4 KB (509 words) - 15:16, 4 October 2022
  • Straw
    ...(wheat, oat, rye and barely). Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: fibers stain dark, other vessels may have variable colors. Average dimensions of fibers:
    3 KB (405 words) - 12:50, 15 October 2020
  • Flax
    ...Graff "C" stain]]: pinkish red due to high [[alpha cellulose]]; nodes will stain red. Average dimensions of fibers: length 33mm, width 19μm. Common pulping ...Flax 40x nodes bastshive.jpg|Flax fibers with shive stained with Graff "C" stain
    5 KB (695 words) - 14:38, 21 August 2022
  • Hemp
    ...anf (Deut.); chanvre (Fr.); hennep (Ned.) cânhamo (Port.); hampan (Sven.); cáñamo (Esp.) * Thermal conductivity = 0.040 W/m.K Thermal resistance = 2.35 at 2.50 m°C/W.
    4 KB (599 words) - 11:22, 14 October 2020
  • Birch
    ...calariform with >10 bars (except river birch). Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: dark blue, but varies with bleaching. Average dimensions of fibers: leng Yellowbirch 10x.jpg|Yellow birch paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
    6 KB (894 words) - 15:09, 7 May 2022
  • Balsam fir
    ...are frequently 2-3 across in horizontal rows. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: varies with pulping and bleaching. Average dimensions of fibers: length * H. A. Alden, A.C. Wiedenhoeft, "Qualified Determination of Provenance of Wood of the Firs (A
    2 KB (324 words) - 08:24, 2 May 2022
  • Jute
    ...fibers can be spoon-shaped with widened lumen. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: Orange-red, but greys with bleaching. Average dimensions of fibers: leng [[File:Jute40x.jpg|thumb|Jute fibers stained with Graff "C" stain
    5 KB (717 words) - 12:43, 29 October 2020
  • Cedar wood
    ...cedar (''C. atlantica''), Cyprus cedar (''C. brevifolia''), and deodar (''C. deodara''). juniper; cedarwood; cedar chips; cedar shavings; ''Cedrus libani''; cèdre (Fr.); Zedar (Deut.);cedro (It., Port., Esp.) ; sedar
    4 KB (519 words) - 12:27, 16 June 2022
  • Bald cypress
    ...ss. Fibers are wide and can be up to 7mm long. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: varies with bleaching. Average dimensions of fibers: 6.2mm, av width 45-
    3 KB (383 words) - 16:17, 1 May 2022
  • Linen
    File:Flax 40x nodes bastshive.jpg|Linen fibers stained with Graff "C" stain
    4 KB (516 words) - 12:59, 8 September 2022
  • Alder
    ...e branched. Vascular trachieds may be present. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: dark blue, but varies with bleaching. Average dimensions of fibers: leng
    4 KB (601 words) - 13:20, 22 June 2022
  • Cotton
    ...mmature fibers do not have a pronounced twist. Appearance with [[Graff "C" stain]]: pinkish red due to high [[alpha cellulose]]. Average dimensions: (Rag) l ...tton linter 40x taperlabel.jpg|Cotton linter fibers stained with Graff "C" stain
    42 KB (5,397 words) - 14:54, 1 December 2020
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