Difference between revisions of "Caulking materials, generic"
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| Lead compounds accelerate drying; some components are toxic | | Lead compounds accelerate drying; some components are toxic | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Cement putty | + | | [[Cement putty]] |
| | | | ||
| − | | concrete | + | | [[concrete]] |
| | | | ||
| − | | mortar | + | | [[mortar]] |
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Gesso putty | + | | [[Gesso putty]] |
| | | | ||
| [[gelatin]] with [[chalk]] | | [[gelatin]] with [[chalk]] | ||
| Line 66: | Line 66: | ||
| waterproof, can crack due to ozone | | waterproof, can crack due to ozone | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[Polysulfide]] | + | | [[Polysulfide]] |
| 1950s | | 1950s | ||
| − | | Any synthetic rubber vulcanized with sulfur ( | + | | Any synthetic rubber vulcanized with sulfur ([[Styrene-butadiene rubber|styrene-butadiene]], [[Polyisoprene|polyisoprene]]) |
| − | | Neoprene, Thiokol | + | | [[Neoprene]], [[Thiokol]] |
| o-rings, pipe linings, building joints, and as sealants to fill joints in pavements, and glass/metal connections. | | o-rings, pipe linings, building joints, and as sealants to fill joints in pavements, and glass/metal connections. | ||
| may release sulfur; may contain PCBs; poor tensile strength; abrade easily; replaced in 1980s by silicone and urethane sealants | | may release sulfur; may contain PCBs; poor tensile strength; abrade easily; replaced in 1980s by silicone and urethane sealants | ||
| Line 90: | Line 90: | ||
| 1960s | | 1960s | ||
| silicone resin cured with moisture or peroxides; may contain fumed silica, calcium carbonate, ground quartz, carbon black, talc, plasticizers, acetone,, methylene chloride. | | silicone resin cured with moisture or peroxides; may contain fumed silica, calcium carbonate, ground quartz, carbon black, talc, plasticizers, acetone,, methylene chloride. | ||
| − | | Silastic, Clear Museum gel | + | | [[Silastic]], [[Clear Museum gel]] |
| used around plumbing fixtures; to caulk joints in bathroom tiles; seal gap on exterior walls/roofs around pipes and wirings | | used around plumbing fixtures; to caulk joints in bathroom tiles; seal gap on exterior walls/roofs around pipes and wirings | ||
| water-repellent; long-life; wide temperature range; mold/mildew resistant; not paintable; poor adhesion; may release acetic acid or methanol on cure; may have residual curing compounds and silicone oils; may stain porous materials; some silicone caulks contain latex making them paintable but less durable | | water-repellent; long-life; wide temperature range; mold/mildew resistant; not paintable; poor adhesion; may release acetic acid or methanol on cure; may have residual curing compounds and silicone oils; may stain porous materials; some silicone caulks contain latex making them paintable but less durable | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Polyurethane elastomers | + | | [[Polyurethane]] elastomers |
| Polyurethane cured with moisture; calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, aromatic naphthas and petroleum distillates; | | Polyurethane cured with moisture; calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, aromatic naphthas and petroleum distillates; | ||
| | | | ||
| − | | Vulkem | + | | [[Vulkem]] |
| primarily used for sealing cracks and expansion joints in driveways and other outdoor concrete surfaces. It's also suitable for filling and repairing cracks in masonry-stucco walls. | | primarily used for sealing cracks and expansion joints in driveways and other outdoor concrete surfaces. It's also suitable for filling and repairing cracks in masonry-stucco walls. | ||
| very durable; abrasion resistant; flexible at low temperatures; combustible producing toxic fumes; may release acetic acid on curing, aging, or deterioration; susceptible to hydrolysis that may decrease adhesion | | very durable; abrasion resistant; flexible at low temperatures; combustible producing toxic fumes; may release acetic acid on curing, aging, or deterioration; susceptible to hydrolysis that may decrease adhesion | ||
| Line 103: | Line 103: | ||
| Vinyl latex | | Vinyl latex | ||
| late 1960s | | late 1960s | ||
| − | | Vinyl (polyvinyl acetate) | + | | Vinyl ([[polyvinyl acetate]]) with calcium carbonate, plasticizers |
| − | | Reprosil | + | | [[Reprosil]] |
| fill small gaps and blemishes in wood trim prior to painting | | fill small gaps and blemishes in wood trim prior to painting | ||
| inexpensive; may be painted and used outdoors; may evolve trace acetic acid as it cures | | inexpensive; may be painted and used outdoors; may evolve trace acetic acid as it cures | ||
| Line 110: | Line 110: | ||
| Acrylic latex | | Acrylic latex | ||
| | | | ||
| − | | Butyl methacrylate, calcium | + | | Butyl methacrylate, calcium carbonate, water |
| − | | Flugger | + | | [[Flugger]] |
| fill small gaps and blemishes in wood trim prior to painting | | fill small gaps and blemishes in wood trim prior to painting | ||
| inexpensive, fast-drying, and paintable; minimal shrinkage; used indoors | | inexpensive, fast-drying, and paintable; minimal shrinkage; used indoors | ||
Revision as of 17:52, 11 September 2022
Description
Any material used to fill or seal joints and openings. Many names have been used historically and commercially for these materials including:
- caulking (noun); caulk (verb); calking (sp); cauking (sp.); sealant; putty; spackle
For this database, the term 'Caulking' will be used. This table tries to include most types of materials that have been used. For a specific comparison of commercial products, please see: Comparison of commercial caulking materials.
| Caulk/putty | Earliest use | Composition | Examples | Applications | Characteristics and Risks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fibers/Wood | ancient times | boats | |||
| Wax | ancient times | vessels | becomes soft with heat | ||
| Tar | ancient times | boats | |||
| Oil-based caulk (sometimes lead-based putty) | 19th-20th c. | 10-15% Linseed oil with Calcium carbonate, red or White lead and sometimes other inorganic fillers (Talc, Alum, Asbestos) | Seal window to frame, fill defects in wood and metal; surround pipe joint | Lead compounds accelerate drying; some components are toxic | |
| Cement putty | Concrete | Mortar | |||
| Gesso putty | Gelatin with Chalk | ||||
| Rubber (natural, vulcanized) | 19th c to WWII | gaskets, shock mounts, | waterproof, can crack due to ozone | ||
| Polysulfide | 1950s | Any synthetic rubber vulcanized with sulfur (styrene-butadiene, Polyisoprene) | Neoprene, Thiokol | o-rings, pipe linings, building joints, and as sealants to fill joints in pavements, and glass/metal connections. | may release sulfur; may contain PCBs; poor tensile strength; abrade easily; replaced in 1980s by silicone and urethane sealants |
| Butyl rubber | 1950s | Isobutylene-isoprene, talc, calcium carbonate, mineral spirits, adhesion promoters | primarily used outdoors for metal and masonry joints that may expand and contract (gutters) | sticky and messy, but more resistant to sunlight than natural rubbers; combustible; paintable | |
| Acrylic (solvent-based) | 1958 | solvent cured acrylic resin with calcium carbonate, silica, solvent and plasticizer. | |||
| Silicone | 1960s | silicone resin cured with moisture or peroxides; may contain fumed silica, calcium carbonate, ground quartz, carbon black, talc, plasticizers, acetone,, methylene chloride. | Silastic, Clear Museum gel | used around plumbing fixtures; to caulk joints in bathroom tiles; seal gap on exterior walls/roofs around pipes and wirings | water-repellent; long-life; wide temperature range; mold/mildew resistant; not paintable; poor adhesion; may release acetic acid or methanol on cure; may have residual curing compounds and silicone oils; may stain porous materials; some silicone caulks contain latex making them paintable but less durable |
| Polyurethane elastomers | Polyurethane cured with moisture; calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, aromatic naphthas and petroleum distillates; | Vulkem | primarily used for sealing cracks and expansion joints in driveways and other outdoor concrete surfaces. It's also suitable for filling and repairing cracks in masonry-stucco walls. | very durable; abrasion resistant; flexible at low temperatures; combustible producing toxic fumes; may release acetic acid on curing, aging, or deterioration; susceptible to hydrolysis that may decrease adhesion | |
| Vinyl latex | late 1960s | Vinyl (Polyvinyl acetate) with calcium carbonate, plasticizers | Reprosil | fill small gaps and blemishes in wood trim prior to painting | inexpensive; may be painted and used outdoors; may evolve trace acetic acid as it cures |
| Acrylic latex | Butyl methacrylate, calcium carbonate, water | Flugger | fill small gaps and blemishes in wood trim prior to painting | inexpensive, fast-drying, and paintable; minimal shrinkage; used indoors |