Difference between revisions of "Epoxy"

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[[File:1989.818-SC16408.jpg|thumb|'''MFA Acc. #:''' 1989.818]]
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[[File:1989.818-SC16408.jpg|thumb|Painted sculpture<br>MFA# 1989.818]]
 
== Description ==
 
== Description ==
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[[File:Epoxy bracelet 2006.628.png|thumb|Bracelet made using epoxy resin and enamel powder<br>MFA# 2006.628]]
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A series of thermosetting polymers based on the chemical reactivity of an epoxide group. Epoxies, first patented in Switzerland in 1939 by Pierre Castan, were further developed in the 1940s and 50s. They are composed of a liquid that, when mixed with a catalyst, crosslinks to form a hard, strongly bound solid. The most commonly used epoxies are made with epichlorohydrin reacted with bisphenol A. Epoxies are typically dense, insoluble structures that are dimensionally stable and wear resistant. Exhibitng minimal shrinkage with cure, they are used as adhesives, molded products, and baked enamel surface coatings. Some commercial brands that contain epoxies are: [[Ablebond]], [[Araldite]], [[Epon® resins]], Epotek, [[Hxtal NYL-1|Hxtal]], [[Phillyseal R]] (formerly Pliacre) and [[UHU adhesives]].
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A series of thermosetting polymers based on the chemical reactivity of an epoxide group. Epoxies, first patented in Switzerland in 1939 by Pierre Castan, were further developed in the 1940s and 50s. They are composed of a liquid that, when mixed with a catalyst, crosslinks to form a hard, strongly bound solid. The most commonly used epoxies are made with epichlorohydrin reacted with bisphenol A. Epoxies are typically dense, insoluble structures that are dimensionally stable and wear resistant. Exhibiting minimal shrinkage with cure, they are used as adhesives, molded products, and baked enamel surface coatings.  
  
 
[[File:1.18.05 06-Applying epoxy.jpg|thumb|Applying epoxy]]
 
[[File:1.18.05 06-Applying epoxy.jpg|thumb|Applying epoxy]]
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[[[SliderGallery rightalign|aaiEPON_epoxy.jpg~FTIR]]]
 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
  
 
EP; epoxy resin; epoxide resin; polyepoxide; résine époxyde (Fr.); Epoxidharz (Deut.); resina epoxi (Esp.); poliepóxido (Esp., Port.); resina epossidica (It.); resina epoxídica (Port.); epoxi (Sven.)  
 
EP; epoxy resin; epoxide resin; polyepoxide; résine époxyde (Fr.); Epoxidharz (Deut.); resina epoxi (Esp.); poliepóxido (Esp., Port.); resina epossidica (It.); resina epoxídica (Port.); epoxi (Sven.)  
  
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Examples: Ablebond; Araldite [Huntsman ex Ciba-Geigy]; CM Bond; Epon® [Hexion]; Epotek; Hxtal; Phillyseal R (formerly Pliacre) [Philadelphia Resins]; UHU
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Examples: [[Ablebond]]; Araldite [Huntsman ex Ciba-Geigy]; [[CM Bond]]; [[Epon resins|Epon]]® [Hexion]; [[Epo-Tek 301|Epotek]]; [[Hxtal NYL-1|Hxtal]]; [[Phillyseal R]] (formerly Pliacre) [Philadelphia Resins]; [[UHU adhesives]].
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[[[SliderGallery rightalign|aaiEPON_epoxy.jpg~FTIR]]]
 
  
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== Other Properties ==
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== Applications ==
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* Adhesive
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== Personal Risks ==
  
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Burns with yellow flame; smells of phenol.
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* Hardeners are moderately toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin contact.
  
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{| class="wikitable"
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== Collection Risks ==
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|-
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May form ammonia and hydrochloric acid upon degradation.
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! scope="row"| Density
 
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| 1.1-1.4
 
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|}
 
  
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== Hazards and Safety ==
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== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
  
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Hardeners are moderately toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin contact. May form ammonia and hydrochloric acid upon degradation
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* Burns with yellow flame; smells of phenol.
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* Density = 1.1-1.4
  
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== Additional Information ==
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== Working Properties ==
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Two-part system with a liquid and a catalyst. Curing time ranges by product from 5 minutes - a week
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° J. Down, M.MacDonald, J.Te'treault, S.Williams, Adhesive Testing at the Canadian Conservation Institute-An Evaluation of Selected Poly(Vinyl acetate) and Acrylic Adhesives", ''Studies in Conservation'' 41:19-44, 1996.  
 
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° M.Savla, "Epoxy Resin Adhesives" in ''Handbook of Adhesives'', I.Skeist (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1977, p.434-445.
 
  
 
== Comparisons ==
 
== Comparisons ==
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[[media:download_file_275.pdf|General Characteristics of Polymers]]
 
[[media:download_file_275.pdf|General Characteristics of Polymers]]
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== Additional Images ==
 
== Additional Images ==
  
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
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File:12.07.04 - First coat filled.jpg|First coating of epoxy
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File:12.07.04 - First coat filled.jpg|First coating of epoxy  
 
File:12.22.04 edges of epoxy.jpg|Edges of epoxy
 
File:12.22.04 edges of epoxy.jpg|Edges of epoxy
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File:Epoxy bracelet 2006.628.png|Bracelet made using epoxy resin and enamel powder
 
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
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== Sources Checked for Data in Record ==
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== Resources and Citations ==
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* J. Down, M.MacDonald, J.Te'treault, S.Williams, Adhesive Testing at the Canadian Conservation Institute-An Evaluation of Selected Poly(Vinyl acetate) and Acrylic Adhesives", ''Studies in Conservation'' 41:19-44, 1996.
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* M.Savla, "Epoxy Resin Adhesives" in ''Handbook of Adhesives'', I.Skeist (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1977, p.434-445.
  
 
* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971
 
* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971
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* ''Dictionary of Building Preservation'', Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
 
* ''Dictionary of Building Preservation'', Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
  
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* Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at http://www.wikipedia.com  Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoxy (Accessed Feb. 10, 2006)
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* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoxy (Accessed Feb. 10, 2006)
  
 
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, ''Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology'', U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
 
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, ''Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology'', U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
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* Michael McCann, ''Artist Beware'', Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
 
* Michael McCann, ''Artist Beware'', Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
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* Jane Down, Maureen MacDonald, Jean Te'treault, Scott Williams, Adhesive testing at the Canadian Conservation Institute-An evaluation of selected poly(vinyl acetate) and acrylic adhesives., ''Studies in Conservation'', 41, 19-44, 1996
 
  
 
* Website address 1  Comment: www.nswpmith.com.au/historyofplastics.html
 
* Website address 1  Comment: www.nswpmith.com.au/historyofplastics.html

Latest revision as of 11:08, 7 August 2022

Painted sculpture
MFA# 1989.818

Description

Bracelet made using epoxy resin and enamel powder
MFA# 2006.628

A series of thermosetting polymers based on the chemical reactivity of an epoxide group. Epoxies, first patented in Switzerland in 1939 by Pierre Castan, were further developed in the 1940s and 50s. They are composed of a liquid that, when mixed with a catalyst, crosslinks to form a hard, strongly bound solid. The most commonly used epoxies are made with epichlorohydrin reacted with bisphenol A. Epoxies are typically dense, insoluble structures that are dimensionally stable and wear resistant. Exhibiting minimal shrinkage with cure, they are used as adhesives, molded products, and baked enamel surface coatings.

Applying epoxy

FTIR

AaiEPON epoxy.jpg

Synonyms and Related Terms

EP; epoxy resin; epoxide resin; polyepoxide; résine époxyde (Fr.); Epoxidharz (Deut.); resina epoxi (Esp.); poliepóxido (Esp., Port.); resina epossidica (It.); resina epoxídica (Port.); epoxi (Sven.)

Examples: Ablebond; Araldite [Huntsman ex Ciba-Geigy]; CM Bond; Epon® [Hexion]; Epotek; Hxtal; Phillyseal R (formerly Pliacre) [Philadelphia Resins]; UHU adhesives.

Applications

  • Adhesive

Personal Risks

  • Hardeners are moderately toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin contact.

Collection Risks

May form ammonia and hydrochloric acid upon degradation.

Physical and Chemical Properties

  • Burns with yellow flame; smells of phenol.
  • Density = 1.1-1.4

Working Properties

Two-part system with a liquid and a catalyst. Curing time ranges by product from 5 minutes - a week

Comparisons

Physical Properties for Selected Thermoset Resins

General Characteristics of Polymers

Additional Images

  • First coating of epoxy

  • Edges of epoxy

Resources and Citations

  • J. Down, M.MacDonald, J.Te'treault, S.Williams, Adhesive Testing at the Canadian Conservation Institute-An Evaluation of Selected Poly(Vinyl acetate) and Acrylic Adhesives", Studies in Conservation 41:19-44, 1996.
  • M.Savla, "Epoxy Resin Adhesives" in Handbook of Adhesives, I.Skeist (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1977, p.434-445.
  • G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971
  • Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
  • Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
  • Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
  • Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
  • Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002
  • Tom Rowland, Noel Riley, A-Z Guide to Cleaning, Conserving and Repairing Antiques, Constable and Co., Ltd., London, 1981
  • Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
  • Website address 1 Comment: www.nswpmith.com.au/historyofplastics.html
  • Theodore J. Reinhart, 'Glossary of Terms', Engineered Plastics, ASM International, 1988

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