Paint types, generic

Description

A liquid mixture composed of a colorant dispersed in a binder. Paint dries to form a decorative or protective film. It can be applied with a brush, roller, sprayer, or by dipping. Some types of paints are:

• Natural binders: oil, wax, casein, Gouache, Tempera, watercolor.
• Synthetic binders: alkyd, acrylic, latex, epoxy.

The large selection of commercial paints

emulsion latex | Two or more substances (pigments, binder, additives) mixed in water as evenly dispersed droplets. | Easy to wash hands, paintbrushes and tools. Economical and environmentally friendly. Adhere to most surfaces. | Metallic surfaces require primer to prevent corrosion or oxidation. Cannot be used over glossy paints

By Composition	Definition	Advantages	Disadvantages
Water-based paint - versatile, easily diluted, easy clean-up and low in odor
acrylic (emulsion or latex)	A mixture of pigments, acrylic resin dispersed in water.	Similar to characteristics of emulsions, plus on drying the resin forms a durable film that is elastic, water-repellant and durable in sunlight; they cover small cracks well and can protect against corrosion	Generally expensive; dried color is darker and less intense that liquid color
waterborne alkyd	An emulsification of an alkyd-acrylic dispersion	Produces a smooth glossy finish that is excellent for interior trim; quick drying; easy soap and water clean-up; low VOCs, durable after drying
latex	A mixture of synthetic polymers and pigments in water	Similar to characteristics of acrylic paints. Generally chosen to paint walls, ceilings and porches,	More expensive that stright acrylic paint
PVA (vinyl emulsion or latex)	May contain vinyl acetate monomer in water or recycled vinyl particles	These paints are very economical and work well indoors	Dry paint cannot withstands repeated exposure to water
silicone emulsions	A mixiture of silicon resins emulsified in water	These paints are highly durable, elastic and provide water vapor pemeability. They adhere well to wood, concrete and metals. The dry surrface resists dirt and mildew. The are optimum for exterior facades.	Generally expensive
Organic -solvent based paint - gives reliable, smooth finish but difficult clean-up and potentially long dry times
Alkyd	A mixture of a polyhydric alcohol and a polybasic acid in a petroleum solvent. The two components react with oxygen to form a hard uniform surface.	Work well on plastered surfaces, woods and metals; can be painted over laterx without sanding; are non-toxic and waterproof	Requires ventilation; tends to spatter; strong chemical odor; once dry it may chip and crack, discolors with time; must be cleaned with paint thinner
Enamel	Usually includes petroleum spirit, white lead, oil, and resinous materials	Can produce shiny, high-gloss surfaces. Can dry to touch in 15 minutes
Oil	Inluded linseed oil that is usually mixed in a petroleum based solvent	Doof durability works well in high-moisutre areas, has good leveling and cann produce a glossy finish	Extended drying time; Produces toxic fumes. May turn yellow with age
Inorganic based
Silicate	Since 2002 silicate paints colorants, a silica solution and an alkali silicate (water glass) that produces a polysilicate coating on any surface	These paints bond to the substrate suraface rather than make a film. They are durable, highly stable, breathable and resistant to sunlight, weather and fire.	Do not work well on glass, ceramic, stone, metals,and any painted surface. May cause irritation on contact.
Whitewash	a mineral paint containing chalk
Adhesive based
Casein	a protein based glue dissoved in water.	Generally used on canvas panels, illustration boards, paper, wood and masonite.	Non-eleastic, brittle, ; cannot withstand moisture or impacts
Dextrinated		Used as a decrorative paint, such as watercolors	Low resistance to weathering