Thymol

Description

White, strong smelling crystals. Thymol was first isolated by Neumann in 1719. It occurs naturally in Ajowan oil, horsemint oil, Eucalyptus oil, and as an extract from thyme plants. Thymol is an Disinfectant and Fungicide that has been used to prevent mold and Mildew in tempera paint, Gesso, Leather, furs, Paper, and Parchment. It has also been used as a fumigant by heating the crystals. in a sealed cabinet with a low-wattage incandescent lightbulb. Thymol is no longer recommended for use because it dissolves Oil paint, varnishes, and some printing inks. It yellows with age and may discolor or Tarnish photographs.

Synonyms and Related Terms

isopropyl-m-cresol; 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)phenol; m-thymol; thyme camphor; thymic acid; 3-hydroxy-1-methyl-4-isopropyl benzene; isopropyl-cresol; 2-isopropyl-5-methyl phenol; 3-hydroxy-p-cymene; timol (Esp.)

Chemical structure

Risks

• Toxic by inhalation or ingestion. LD50 = 980 mg/kg.
• Skin contact can cause irritation.
• Combustible.
• Thymol dissolves oil paint, varnishes, and some printing inks.
• May stain photographs and discolor paper.
• ThermoFisher: SDS

Physical and Chemical Properties

Soluble in ethanol, carbon disulfide, chloroform, glacial acetic acid, ether. Slightly soluble in water, glycerol.

Composition	(CH3)2CHC6H3(CH3)OH
CAS	89-83-8
Melting Point	48-51 C
Density	0.970-0.979 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 150.22
Refractive Index	1.5204
Boiling Point	233 C

Resources and Citations

• V.Daniels, B.Boyd, "The Yellowing of Thymol in the Display of Prints" Studies in Conservation 31:156-158, 1986.

• L. Goldberg, A History Of Pest Control Measures In The Anthropology Collections, National Museum Of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, JAIC (35):23-43, 1996

• Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997

• The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998

• G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 22

• Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993

• The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 9540

• Marjorie Shelley, The Care and Handling of Art Objects, The Metropolitan Museum, New York, 1987

• Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986

• Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979

• George Savage, Art and Antique Restorer's Handbook, Rockliff Publishing Corp, London, 1954

• Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002

• G.Caneva, M.P.Nugari, O.Salvadori, Biology in the Conservation of Works of Art, ICCROM, Rome, 1991

• Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989

• Marie Svoboda, Conservation Survey Index, unpublished, 1997

• Teri Hensick, contributed information, 1998