Difference between revisions of "Fiberboard"

Latest revision as of 12:37, 30 October 2024

medium-density fiberboard (MDF)

Description

Oil on canvas mounted on fiberboard; MFA# 23.521

An engineered rigid composite board made of cellulose fibers. First patented in 1858, fiberboards were composed of wood chips or plant fibers, such as Grass, Reed, Straw, Bagasse (Celotex), Jute, Flax, or Hemp. Manufacturers have also recycled waste materials such as Sawdust, Bark, oat hulls, spent hops, newspaper (Homasote®) and peanut shells. The fibers are compressed and bonded with heat and pressure. Many fiberboards are held together by the interlocking fibers and natural adhesives (wet process); other fiberboards have additional adhesive components such as Urea formaldehyde resin, Water glass, Dextrin, Asphalt, Rosin, Paraffin wax, Plaster, and/or Clay. The standard size for fiberboards is 4 x 8 feet. Very dense fiberboard is called hardboard (see also Masonite®). Some commercially available formaldehyde-free fiberboards are Masonite® Presdwood®, Medex, Medite II and Iso-board (Hatchfield 2002). Fiberboards are generally classified as low-density (Celotex, etc.), medium-density (Medex, Medite, etc.), or high-density (Masonite®, Upson Board, Marinite®, Homasote®, etc.).

Synonyms and Related Terms

fibre-board (Br.); fibreboard (Br.); hardboard (Br.); carton-fibre (Fr.); carton fort (Fr.); aglomerado de madeira (Port.); particle board; composition board; engineered wood; wallboard; hardboard; fiber board; high-density fiberboard (HDF); medium-density fiberboard (MDF); low-density fiberboard (LDF)

Brand names: Masonite® [IPI]; Presdwood®; Medex; Medite®; Duron® [IPI]; Upson; Homasote®; Insulite; Beaver Board; Cornell Board; Feltex; Fir-Tex; Nu-Wood; C-X Board; Quartrboard; Celotex;

Applications

Exhibit - case construction, mountmaking
Artwork support

Personal Risks

Health risks associated with elevated concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs): respiratory irritation, irritability, inability to concentrate, and sleepiness. Health risks associated with exposure to formaldehyde gas: eye and respiratory irritation, respiratory difficulty.

Dust and chemicals released when worked.

Collection Risks

Wood fibers

Any wood product may release VOCs (volatile organic compounds) such as aldehydes, terpenes, and acids. The types and quantities of VOCs released depends on wood species, as well as the presence of coatings. Generally, the most VOCs are released when the product is new. Barrier layers (i.e. coatings, or films) can be applied to limit the release of VOCs.

Fiberboards are susceptible to dry rot, fungal growths and termites.

Links to Oddy Test results posted on AIC Wiki Materials Database Pages for individual materials below

Newmarket MDF tested in 2006

Newmarket MDF tested in 2006 with polyurethane coating

Working Properties

Dust and chemicals released when worked. Degree of “tear out” (how jagged edge is when sawed) depends on the size of the pieces, with MDF having lower tear out (smoother edge) than Particle board.

Forms and Sizes

The standard size for fiberboards is 4 x 8 feet.

Resources and Citations

Exhibit Guidelines Technical Notes: Using Composite Panels in Exhibit Case Construction
Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000.
Melissa G.D. Baumann, Linda F. Lorenz, Stuart A. Batterman, and Guo-Zheng Zhang, “Aldehyde Emissions from Particleboard and Medium Density Fiberboard Products,” Forest Products Journal 50 (9): 75–82, 2000.
G.S. Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971.
Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996.
Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "wood." (Accessed 14 Mar. 2005).
C. Gould, K. Konrad, K. Milley, R. Gallagher, "Fiberboard", in Twentieth-Century Building Materials, T. Jester (ed.), McGraw-Hill: New York, 1995. link
A.Katlan, "Early Wood-Fiber Panels: Masonite, Hardboard and Lower-Density Boards" JAIC 33:301-306, 1994.
Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002.
Illinois Department of Public Health, “Formaldehyde,” Environmental Health Fact Sheet, http://www.idph.state.il.us/envhealth/factsheets/formaldehyde.htm (Accessed 25 Sep. 2020).
Kevin Ann Reinhart, “What Is the Difference Between Particle Board and Medium Density Fiberboard?” SFGate, https://homeguides.sfgate.com/difference-between-particle-board-medium-density-fiberboard-99189.html, (accessed 25 Sep. 2020), 2018.
Megan Salas, contributed information, MWG group, 2020.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[File:23.521-C46663CR-d1.jpg|thumb|]]
+[[File:MDF Sample.jpg|thumb|medium-density fiberboard (MDF)]]
 == Description ==
+[[File:23.521-C46663CR-d1.jpg|thumb|Oil on canvas mounted on fiberboard; MFA# 23.521]]
+An engineered rigid composite board made of cellulose fibers. First patented in 1858, fiberboards were composed of wood chips or plant fibers, such as [[grass]], [[reed]], [[straw]], [[bagasse]] ([[Celotex]]), [[jute]], [[flax]], or [[hemp]]. Manufacturers have also recycled waste materials such as [[sawdust]], [[bark]], oat hulls, spent hops, newspaper ([[Homasote|Homasote®]]) and peanut shells. The fibers are compressed and bonded with heat and pressure. Many fiberboards are held together by the interlocking fibers and natural adhesives (wet process); other fiberboards have additional adhesive components such as [[urea formaldehyde resin]], [[water glass]], [[dextrin]], [[asphalt]], [[rosin]], [[paraffin wax]], [[plaster]], and/or [[clay]].  The standard size for fiberboards is 4 x 8 feet. Very dense fiberboard is called hardboard (see also [[Masonite|Masonite®]]). Some commercially available formaldehyde-free fiberboards are Masonite® Presdwood®, [[Medex]], Medite II and Iso-board (Hatchfield 2002). Fiberboards are generally classified as low-density (Celotex, etc.), medium-density (Medex, Medite, etc.), or high-density ([[Masonite|Masonite®]], Upson Board, Marinite®, Homasote®, etc.).
-A rigid composite board of pressed cellulose fibers used as a building material. First patented in 1858, fiberboards were composed of wood chips or plant fibers, such as [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=grass grass], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=reed reed], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=straw straw], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=bagasse%20 bagasse ]([http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=Celotex Celotex]), [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=jute jute], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=flax flax], or [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=hemp hemp]. Manufacturers have also recycled waste materials such as [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=sawdust sawdust], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=bark bark], oat hulls, spent hops, newspaper ([http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=Homasote%C2%AE Homasote®]) and peanut shells. The fibers are compressed and bonded with heat and pressure. Many fiberboards are held together by the interlocking fibers and natural adhesives (wet process); other fiberboards have additional adhesive components such as [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=urea%20formaldehyde%20resin urea formaldehyde resin], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=water%20glass water glass], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=dextrin dextrin], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=asphalt asphalt], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=rosin rosin], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=paraffin%20wax paraffin wax], [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=plaster plaster], and/or [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=clay clay].  The standard size for fiberboards is 4 x 8 feet. Very dense fiberboard is called hardboard (see also [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=Masonite%C2%AE Masonite®]). Some commercially available formaldehyde-free fiberboards are Masonite® Presdwood®, [http://cameo.mfa.org/materials/fullrecord.asp?name=Medex Medex], Medite II and Iso-board (Hatchfield 2002). Fiberboards are generally classified as low-density (Celotex, etc.), medium-density (Medex, Medite, etc.), or high-density (Masonite®, Upson Board, Marinite®, Homasote®, etc.).
+== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
+fibre-board (Br.); fibreboard (Br.); hardboard (Br.); carton-fibre (Fr.); carton fort (Fr.); aglomerado de madeira (Port.); particle board; composition board; engineered wood; wallboard; hardboard; fiber board; high-density fiberboard (HDF); [[Medium density fiberboard (MDF)|medium-density fiberboard (MDF)]]; low-density fiberboard (LDF)
+Brand names: [[Masonite|Masonite®]] [IPI]; Presdwood®; Medex; [[Medite|Medite®]]; Duron® [IPI]; Upson; Homasote®; Insulite; Beaver Board; Cornell Board; Feltex; Fir-Tex; Nu-Wood; C-X Board; Quartrboard; Celotex;
-[[File:fiberboardX.jpg|thumb|Fiberboard]]
+== Applications ==
-== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
-"fibre-board (Br.); fibreboard (Br.); carton-fibre (Fr.); carton fort (Fr.); aglomerado de madeira (Port.); particle board; composition board; wallboard; hardboard; fiber board; high-density fiberboard (HDF); medium-density fiberboard (MDF); low-density fiberboard (LDF)
+* Exhibit - case construction, mountmaking
+* Artwork support
-Brand names: Masonite® [IPI]; Presdwood®; Medex; Medite; Duron® [IPI]; Upson; Homasote®; Insulite; Beaver Board; Cornell Board; Feltex; Fir-Tex; Nu-Wood; C-X Board; Quartrboard; Celotex;
+== Personal Risks ==
-== Hazards and Safety ==
+Health risks associated with elevated concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs): respiratory irritation, irritability, inability to concentrate, and sleepiness. Health risks associated with exposure to formaldehyde gas: eye and respiratory irritation, respiratory difficulty.
-Any wood product may release organic acids with time.
+Dust and chemicals released when worked.
-Fiberboards are susceptible to dry rot, fungal growths and termites.
+== Collection Risks ==
+[[File:Wood-Products-MDF.jpg|thumb|Wood fibers]]
-== Additional Information ==
+Any wood product may release VOCs (volatile organic compounds) such as aldehydes, terpenes, and acids. The types and quantities of VOCs released depends on wood species, as well as the presence of coatings. Generally, the most VOCs are released when the product is new. Barrier layers (i.e. coatings, or films) can be applied to limit the release of VOCs.
-° C. Gould, K. Konrad, K. Milley, R. Gallagher, "Fiberboard", in ''Twentieth-Century Building Materials'', T. Jester (ed.), McGraw-Hill: New York, 1995. ° P.Hatchfield, ''Pollutants in the Museum Environment'', Archetype Press, London, 2002.
+Fiberboards are susceptible to dry rot, fungal growths and termites.
-== Authority ==
+'''Links to Oddy Test results posted on AIC Wiki Materials Database Pages for individual materials below'''
-* G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971
+* [http://www.conservation-wiki.com/wiki/Oddy_Test_Results:_Case_Construction_Materials#MDF0001 Newmarket MDF] tested in 2006
-* ''Dictionary of Building Preservation'', Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
+* [http://www.conservation-wiki.com/wiki/Oddy_Test_Results:_Case_Construction_Materials#MDF0002 Newmarket MDF] tested in 2006 with polyurethane coating
-* Pam Hatchfield, ''Pollutants in the Museum Environment'', Archetype Press, London, 2002
+== Working Properties ==
-* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com  Comment: "wood." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2005. Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service  14 Mar. 2005 .
+Dust and chemicals released when worked.
+Degree of “tear out” (how jagged edge is when sawed) depends on the size of the pieces, with [[Medium density fiberboard|MDF]] having lower tear out (smoother edge) than [[Particle board|particle board]].
-* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
+== Forms and Sizes ==
+The standard size for fiberboards is 4 x 8 feet.
+== Resources and Citations ==
+* Exhibit Guidelines Technical Notes: [https://www.conservation-wiki.com/wiki/Using_Composite_Panels_for_Exhibit_Case_Construction Using Composite Panels in Exhibit Case Construction]
+* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000.
+* Melissa G.D. Baumann, Linda F. Lorenz, Stuart A. Batterman, and Guo-Zheng Zhang, “Aldehyde Emissions from Particleboard and Medium Density Fiberboard Products,” ''Forest Products Journal'' 50 (9): 75–82, 2000.
+* G.S. Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971.
+* ''Dictionary of Building Preservation'', Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996.
+* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com  Comment: "wood." (Accessed 14 Mar. 2005).
+* C. Gould, K. Konrad, K. Milley, R. Gallagher, "Fiberboard", in ''Twentieth-Century Building Materials'', T. Jester (ed.), McGraw-Hill: New York, 1995. [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Twentieth_Century_Building_Materials/kn9DBAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=hardboard link]
+* A.Katlan, "Early Wood-Fiber Panels: Masonite, Hardboard and Lower-Density Boards" JAIC 33:301-306, 1994.
+* Pam Hatchfield, ''Pollutants in the Museum Environment'', Archetype Press, London, 2002.
+* Illinois Department of Public Health, “Formaldehyde,” Environmental Health Fact Sheet, http://www.idph.state.il.us/envhealth/factsheets/formaldehyde.htm (Accessed 25 Sep. 2020).
+* Kevin Ann Reinhart, “What Is the Difference Between Particle Board and Medium Density Fiberboard?” SFGate, https://homeguides.sfgate.com/difference-between-particle-board-medium-density-fiberboard-99189.html, (accessed 25 Sep. 2020), 2018.
+* Megan Salas, contributed information, MWG group, 2020.
-[[Category:Materials database]]
+[[Category:Materials database]][[Category:MWG]][[Category: Particleboard/Pressedwood]][[Category: Board/Panel, Composite]]