Difference between revisions of "Silica"

Latest revision as of 11:34, 8 August 2023

Description

Colorless crystals or white amorphous powder. Silica is one of the most abundant natural materials in the earth's crust. In its purest form, silica, or silicon dioxide, occurs as crystalline Quartz. The more common, but less pure, forms are Quartzite, Sandstone, Flint, Agate, and Sand. The fossil form of silica is Diatomaceous earth. All forms of silica are inert, unaffected by heat, insoluble in strong acids (except hydrofluoric) and slowly attacked by strong alkalis. Silica is not commonly used as a pigment, however, it is found in grounds, primers and wood fillers. Silica is used in the manufacture of glass, water glass, abrasives, ceramics and enamelware.

Compound	Description	Examples	Applications
Silica	Pure silica is crystalline silicon dioxide found in nature as as quartz. Variations due to temperature and pressure produce amorphous, vitreous or glassy forms of silica.	quartz, sand, quartzite, sandstone, flint agate, diatomaceous earth	production of glass and ceramics; use as a filler in concrete; as an abrasive
Fumed silica	A white fluffy powder containg a colloidal form of silica produced by burning silicon tetrachloride. Untreated fumed silica is hydrophilic, but many commercial products are treated to make them hydrophobic	Aerosil; Cab-O-Sil; HDK; Zandosil; Reolosil; Orisil; XYSIL	thixotropic thickener, anti-caking agent, filtration; desiccant to kill insects
Silica gel	An amorphous, porous form of silica available as granules or beads. It has a strong affinity for water.	Grade 40; Grade 42; Arten Gel; Art-Sorb: Britesorb; MoisturePak; Prosorb; Rhapid Gel; Rhapid Pak; Sorb-It	desiccant, sorbent, humidity buffering

Synonyms and Related Terms

silicon dioxide; silicic anhydride; quartz; silex; diatomaceous earth; flint; diatomite; sand; quartzite; sandstone; amethyst; jasper, chalcedony; agate; onyx; tridymite; opal; cristobalite; Pigment White 27; Siliziumdioxid (Deut.); Kieselgur (Deut.); Kieselerde (Deut.); silice (Fr., Esp., It.); chalazias (Gr.); kwarts (Ned.); sílica (Port.)

FTIR

Risks

Noncombustible.
Toxic by inhalation.
Chronic exposure to dust may cause silicosis

Physical and Chemical Properties

Inert
Soluble in hydrofluoric acid.
Density (g/ml) = 2.2 (amorphous) and 2.65 (quartz).

Composition	SiO2
Melting Point	1710 C
Boiling Point	2230 C

Comparisons

Properties of Common Abrasives

Characteristics of Common White Pigments

Resources and Citations

Wikipedia: Silicon dioxide Accessed July 2023
R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 708
Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 8637
The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 == Description ==
-Colorless crystals or white amorphous powder. Silica is widely available because it makes up one of the largest portions of the earth's crust. In its purest form, silica, or silicon dioxide, occurs as crystalline [[quartz]]. The more common, but less pure, forms are [[quartzite]], [[ sandstone]], [[flint]], [[agate]], and [[sand]]. The fossil form of silica is [[diatomaceous earth]]. All forms of silica are inert, unaffected by heat, insoluble in strong acids (except hydrofluoric) and slowly attacked by strong alkalis. Silica is not commonly used as a pigment, however, it is found in grounds, primers and wood fillers. Silica is used in the manufacture of glass, water glass, abrasives, ceramics and enamelware.
+Colorless crystals or white amorphous powder. Silica is one of the most abundant natural materials in the earth's crust. In its purest form, silica, or silicon dioxide, occurs as crystalline [[quartz]]. The more common, but less pure, forms are [[quartzite]], [[ sandstone]], [[flint]], [[agate]], and [[sand]]. The fossil form of silica is [[diatomaceous earth]]. All forms of silica are inert, unaffected by heat, insoluble in strong acids (except hydrofluoric) and slowly attacked by strong alkalis. Silica is not commonly used as a pigment, however, it is found in grounds, primers and wood fillers. Silica is used in the manufacture of glass, water glass, abrasives, ceramics and enamelware.
-See also [[fumed silica]], and [[silica gel]].
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! Compound
+! colspan="3" | Description
+! Colspan="2" | Examples
+! colspan="2" | Applications
+|-
+| Silica
+| colspan="3" | Pure silica is   crystalline silicon dioxide found in nature as as quartz. Variations due to   temperature and pressure produce amorphous, vitreous or glassy forms of   silica.
+| colspan="2" | quartz, sand, quartzite,   sandstone, flint agate, diatomaceous earth
+| colspan="2" | production of glass   and ceramics;  use as a filler in   concrete; as an abrasive
+|-
+| [[Fumed   silica]]
+| colspan="3" | A white fluffy powder   containg a colloidal form of silica produced by burning silicon   tetrachloride. Untreated fumed silica is hydrophilic, but many commercial   products are treated to make them hydrophobic
+| colspan="2" | [[Aerosil]]; [[Cab-O-Sil]]; HDK;   Zandosil; Reolosil; Orisil; XYSIL
+| colspan="2" | thixotropic thickener,   anti-caking agent, filtration; desiccant to kill insects
+|-
+| [[Silica   gel]]
+| colspan="3" | An amorphous, porous   form of silica available as granules or beads.  It has a strong affinity for water.
+| colspan="2" | Grade 40; Grade 42; [[Arten Gel]]; [[Art-Sorb]]: Britesorb; MoisturePak; Prosorb; Rhapid Gel; Rhapid Pak; Sorb-It
+| colspan="2" | desiccant, sorbent,   humidity buffering
+|}
 == Synonyms and Related Terms ==
 silicon dioxide; silicic anhydride; quartz; silex; diatomaceous earth; flint; diatomite; sand; quartzite; sandstone; amethyst; jasper, chalcedony; agate; onyx; tridymite; opal; cristobalite; Pigment White 27; Siliziumdioxid (Deut.); Kieselgur (Deut.); Kieselerde (Deut.); silice (Fr., Esp., It.); chalazias (Gr.); kwarts (Ned.); sílica (Port.)
 [[[SliderGallery rightalign|aaiSILICA.jpg~FTIR]]]
+== Risks ==
+* Noncombustible.
+* Toxic by inhalation.
+* Chronic exposure to dust may cause silicosis
-== Other Properties ==
+== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
+* Inert
-Soluble in hydrofluoric acid. Density = 2.2 (amorphous) and 2.65 (quartz).
+* Soluble in hydrofluoric acid.
+* Density (g/ml) = 2.2 (amorphous) and 2.65 (quartz).
 {| class="wikitable"
@@ Line 21: / Line 46: @@
 |-
 ! scope="row"| Melting Point
-| 1710
+| 1710 C
 |-
 ! scope="row"| Boiling Point
-| 2230
+| 2230 C
 |}
-== Hazards and Safety ==
-Noncombustible. Toxic by inhalation. Chronic exposure to dust may cause silicosis
 == Comparisons ==
@@ Line 37: / Line 58: @@
 [[media:download_file_536.pdf|Characteristics of Common White Pigments]]
+== Resources and Citations ==
+* Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_dioxide Silicon dioxide] Accessed July 2023
-== Authority ==
 * R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, ''Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia'', Dover Publications, New York, 1966
 * G.S.Brady, ''Materials Handbook'', McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971  Comment: p. 708
 * Ralph Mayer, ''A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques'', Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
 * Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
 * Michael McCann, ''Artist Beware'', Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
 * Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, ''Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology'', U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
 * ''Dictionary of Building Preservation'', Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
 * Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
 * ''The Merck Index'', Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983  Comment: entry 8637
 * ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
+* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
-* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
 [[Category:Materials database]]