Difference between revisions of "Caulking materials, generic"

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For this database, the term 'Caulking' will be used.  This table tries to include most types of materials that have been used.  For a specific comparison of commercial products, please see: [[Comparison of commercial caulking materials]].
 
For this database, the term 'Caulking' will be used.  This table tries to include most types of materials that have been used.  For a specific comparison of commercial products, please see: [[Comparison of commercial caulking materials]].
−
 
  
  
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| [[Butyl  rubber]]
 
| [[Butyl  rubber]]
 
| 1950s
 
| 1950s
−
| Isobutylene-isoprene, talc, calcium carbonate, mineral spirits, adhesion promoters
+
| Isobutylene-isoprene, [[talc]], [[calcium carbonate]], [[mineral spirits]], [[adhesion promoter|adhesion promoters]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
| primarily used outdoors for  metal and masonry joints that may expand and contract (gutters)
 
| primarily used outdoors for  metal and masonry joints that may expand and contract (gutters)
 
| sticky and messy, but more  resistant to sunlight than natural rubbers;    combustible; paintable
 
| sticky and messy, but more  resistant to sunlight than natural rubbers;    combustible; paintable
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Acrylic  (solvent-based)
+
| [[Acrylic resin|Acrylic]] (solvent-based)
 
| 1958
 
| 1958
−
| solvent cured acrylic resin with   calcium carbonate, silica, solvent and plasticizer.
+
| solvent cured acrylic resin with [[calcium carbonate]], [[silica]], [[solvent]] and [[plasticizer|plasticizers]].
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Silicone
+
| [[Silicone sealant|Silicone]]
 
| 1960s
 
| 1960s
−
| silicone resin cured with  moisture or peroxides; may contain fumed silica, calcium carbonate, ground  quartz, carbon black, talc, plasticizers, acetone,, methylene chloride.
+
| [[silicone resin]] cured with  moisture or peroxides; may contain [[fumed silica]], [[calcium carbonate]], ground  [[quartz]], [[carbon black]], [[talc]], [[Plasticizer|plasticizers]], [[acetone]], [[methylene chloride]].
 
| [[Silastic]], [[Clear Museum Gel]]
 
| [[Silastic]], [[Clear Museum Gel]]
 
| used around plumbing fixtures;  to caulk joints in bathroom tiles;    seal gap on exterior walls/roofs    around pipes and wirings
 
| used around plumbing fixtures;  to caulk joints in bathroom tiles;    seal gap on exterior walls/roofs    around pipes and wirings
−
| water-repellent; long-life; wide  temperature range; mold/mildew resistant; not paintable; poor adhesion; may  release acetic acid or methanol on cure; may have residual curing compounds  and silicone oils; may stain porous materials; some silicone caulks contain  latex making them paintable but less durable
+
| water-repellent; long-life; wide  temperature range; mold/mildew resistant; not paintable; poor adhesion; may  release [[acetic acid]] or [[methanol]] on cure; may have residual curing compounds  and silicone oils; may stain porous materials; some silicone caulks contain  latex making them paintable but less durable
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Polyurethane]]  elastomers
 
| [[Polyurethane]]  elastomers
−
| Polyurethane cured with moisture; calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, aromatic naphthas and petroleum distillates;
+
| Polyurethane cured with moisture, [[calcium carbonate]], [[titanium dioxide]], [[Aromatic naphtha|aromatic naphthas]] and [[Petroleum distillate|petroleum distillates]].
 +
|
 
|  
 
|  
 
| [[Vulkem]]
 
| [[Vulkem]]
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| [[Reprosil]]
 
| [[Reprosil]]
 
| fill small gaps and blemishes in  wood trim prior to painting
 
| fill small gaps and blemishes in  wood trim prior to painting
−
| inexpensive; may be painted and  used outdoors; may evolve trace acetic acid as it cures
+
| inexpensive; may be painted and  used outdoors; may evolve trace [[acetic acid]] as it cures
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Acrylic  latex
 
| Acrylic  latex
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Butyl methacrylate, calcium carbonate, water
+
| [[Butyl methacrylate]], [[calcium   carbonate]], water
 
| [[Flugger]]
 
| [[Flugger]]
 
| fill small gaps and blemishes in  wood trim prior to painting
 
| fill small gaps and blemishes in  wood trim prior to painting
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|}
 
|}
  
 +
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
 +
 +
caulking (noun); caulk (verb); calking; cauking (sp.); sealant; putty; spackle; Kitt (Deut.); Glaserkitt (Deut.); Fensterkitt (Deut.); kalfatring (Dan.)
 +
 +
==Resources and Citations==
 +
 +
* Richard S. Lewis, ''Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
 +
 +
* ASTM, "Standard Terminology Relating to Paint, Varnish, Lacquer and Related Products", Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 6, Paints, Related Coatings and Aromatics, ASTM, D16, 7-Jan, Jul-96
 +
 +
* ''Dictionary of Building Preservation'', Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
 +
 +
* Ivan Myjer, contributed information, 1998
 +
 +
* Wikipedia,: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caulking (Accessed Feb. 10, 2006)
 +
 +
* Random House, ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language'', Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
 +
 +
* ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' or ''Encarta'', via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
  
 
[[Category:Materials database]][[Category:MWG]][[Category:Caulks]][[Category:Comparisons]]
 
[[Category:Materials database]][[Category:MWG]][[Category:Caulks]][[Category:Comparisons]]

Revision as of 09:35, 1 November 2022

Description

Any material used to fill or seal joints and openings. Many names have been used historically and commercially for these materials including:

  • caulking (noun); caulk (verb); calking (sp); cauking (sp.); sealant; putty; spackle

For this database, the term 'Caulking' will be used. This table tries to include most types of materials that have been used. For a specific comparison of commercial products, please see: Comparison of commercial caulking materials.


Caulk/putty Earliest use Composition Examples Applications Characteristics and Risks
Fibers/Wood ancient times boats
Wax ancient times vessels becomes soft with heat
Tar ancient times boats
Oil-based caulk (sometimes lead-based putty) 19th-20th c. 10-15% Linseed oil with Calcium carbonate, red or White lead and sometimes other inorganic fillers (Talc, Alum, Asbestos) Seal window to frame, fill defects in wood and metal; surround pipe joint Lead compounds accelerate drying; some components are toxic
Cement putty Concrete mortar
Gesso putty Gelatin with Chalk
Rubber (natural, vulcanized) 19th c to WWII gaskets, shock mounts, waterproof, can crack due to ozone
Polysulfide 1950s Any synthetic rubber vulcanized with sulfur (styrene-butadiene, Polyisoprene) Neoprene, Thiokol o-rings, pipe linings, building joints, and as sealants to fill joints in pavements, and glass/metal connections. may release sulfur; may contain PCBs; poor tensile strength; abrade easily; replaced in 1980s by silicone and urethane sealants
Butyl rubber 1950s Isobutylene-isoprene, Talc, Calcium carbonate, Mineral spirits, adhesion promoters primarily used outdoors for metal and masonry joints that may expand and contract (gutters) sticky and messy, but more resistant to sunlight than natural rubbers; combustible; paintable
Acrylic (solvent-based) 1958 solvent cured acrylic resin with Calcium carbonate, Silica, Solvent and plasticizers.
Silicone 1960s Silicone resin cured with moisture or peroxides; may contain Fumed silica, Calcium carbonate, ground Quartz, Carbon black, Talc, plasticizers, Acetone, Methylene chloride. Silastic, Clear Museum Gel used around plumbing fixtures; to caulk joints in bathroom tiles; seal gap on exterior walls/roofs around pipes and wirings water-repellent; long-life; wide temperature range; mold/mildew resistant; not paintable; poor adhesion; may release Acetic acid or Methanol on cure; may have residual curing compounds and silicone oils; may stain porous materials; some silicone caulks contain latex making them paintable but less durable
Polyurethane elastomers Polyurethane cured with moisture, Calcium carbonate, Titanium dioxide, aromatic naphthas and petroleum distillates. Vulkem primarily used for sealing cracks and expansion joints in driveways and other outdoor concrete surfaces. It's also suitable for filling and repairing cracks in masonry-stucco walls. very durable; abrasion resistant; flexible at low temperatures; combustible producing toxic fumes; may release acetic acid on curing, aging, or deterioration; susceptible to hydrolysis that may decrease adhesion
Vinyl latex late 1960s Vinyl (Polyvinyl acetate) with calcium carbonate, plasticizers Reprosil fill small gaps and blemishes in wood trim prior to painting inexpensive; may be painted and used outdoors; may evolve trace Acetic acid as it cures
Acrylic latex Butyl methacrylate, Calcium carbonate, water Flugger fill small gaps and blemishes in wood trim prior to painting inexpensive, fast-drying, and paintable; minimal shrinkage; used indoors

Synonyms and Related Terms

caulking (noun); caulk (verb); calking; cauking (sp.); sealant; putty; spackle; Kitt (Deut.); Glaserkitt (Deut.); Fensterkitt (Deut.); kalfatring (Dan.)

Resources and Citations

  • Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
  • ASTM, "Standard Terminology Relating to Paint, Varnish, Lacquer and Related Products", Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 6, Paints, Related Coatings and Aromatics, ASTM, D16, 7-Jan, Jul-96
  • Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
  • Ivan Myjer, contributed information, 1998
  • Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
  • The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998

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