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  • Masonry
    ...st modern masonry uses mortar or cement in the joints. Rubble masonry uses field stones or irregular quarried stones. Ashlar masonry used regularly cut squa
    1 KB (155 words) - 13:50, 17 October 2022
  • OPD
    ...imatology service. It is one of the largest institutions in Europe in this field, having at its disposal an interdisciplinary team of conservators, art hist
    2 KB (316 words) - 05:00, 31 January 2014
  • Electron spin resonance spectroscopy
    An analytical technique that uses a strong magnetic field to examine the spin states of unpaired electrons. Electron spin resonance ( * Janet Burnett Grossman, ''Looking at Greek and Roman Sculpture in Stone'', J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2003
    840 bytes (112 words) - 11:15, 1 August 2022
  • Chert
    ...and vessels. Currently, chert is used as an [[abrasive]], a semiprecious [[stone]], and as an [[aggregate]] for the construction of buildings and roads. * B.Aston, J.Harrell, I.Shaw, "Stone" in ''Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology'', P.Nicholson, I.Shaw (eds
    2 KB (241 words) - 12:49, 28 May 2022
  • Breccia
    ...]], [[silica]], or volcanic ash. Breccia is used as an ornamental building stone. * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 19
    2 KB (210 words) - 10:35, 10 May 2022
  • Apatite
    ...colorless when pure, but impurities can give it a white, green (asparagus stone), blue (moroxite), yellow, or violet color. Bones, both human and animal, a asparagus stone (green); moroxite (blue); fluorapatite; phosphorite; Apatit (Deut.); apatit
    3 KB (378 words) - 10:56, 21 December 2022
  • Smoky quartz
    .... It is sometimes used as a [[gemstone|gemstone]]. Most early uses of the stone date from Hellenistic times or later; one earlier example was found in Iran smokey quartz; cairngorm; Cairngorm stone; Rauchquarz (Deut.); quartz fumé (Fr.); quartzo fumado (Port.); rookkwarts
    2 KB (281 words) - 12:38, 26 December 2022
  • Carnelian
    ...ariety of [[chalcedony]]. Carnelian was mined or gathered as an ornamental stone since at least 3000 BCE. It is found in Egypt, India and areas of Europe as * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 19
    2 KB (225 words) - 12:04, 19 December 2022
  • Milky quartz
    * B.Aston, J.Harrell, I.Shaw, "Stone" in ''Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology'', P.Nicholson, I.Shaw (eds * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 19
    1 KB (180 words) - 15:53, 18 October 2022
  • Celestite
    ...neral composed of [[strontium sulfate]]. Celestite is found in sedimentary stone usually in conjunction with [[halite]] and [[dolomite|dolomitic limestone]] * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 19
    1 KB (189 words) - 09:14, 24 May 2022
  • Zoisite
    ...ois van Edelstein (1747-1819). It is a lustrous transparent to translucent stone whose color may be grayish-white, peach, pink ([[thulite]]), blue ([[tanzan * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 19
    2 KB (310 words) - 13:09, 23 December 2022
  • Amazonite
    ...races of lead and crystalline water (Aston et al 2000). Also called Amazon stone, it was used since about 3000 BCE for decorations, amulets, vessels, beads, Amazon stone; amazonstone; mother of emerald; green feldspar; microcline; Amazonit (Deut
    3 KB (410 words) - 11:28, 23 December 2022
  • Cat's eye
    ...outh Africa is known as a tiger's eye or African cat's eye. It is a quartz stone with oriented fibers of crocicolite. True cat's eye is a variety of quartz, * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 19
    2 KB (325 words) - 08:38, 24 May 2022
  • Fayalite
    ...Fayalite was named after Fayal, an island in the Azores. The brittle green stone is also produced synthetically as a common component in slag stringers from * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 19
    2 KB (203 words) - 13:46, 24 July 2022
  • Rhodochrosite
    ...ges in color from pink to deep red. It has been used as a minor ornamental stone and as a source for [[manganese]]. ...ilding Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries.'', Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
    2 KB (318 words) - 13:47, 28 December 2022
  • Granite
    ...nt indoor (countertops, flooring, tables, decoration) and outdoor building stone (monuments, curbing, statuary). Granite is also used for paper mill rollers * Anne Grimmer, Glossary of Building Stone Terms, ''A Glossary of Historic Masonry Deterioration Problems and Preserva
    3 KB (377 words) - 10:41, 29 August 2020
  • Wavellite
    ...sty, globular masses in hydrothermal veins. The transparent to translucent stone can be green, yellow, white, gray or brown. * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 19
    2 KB (218 words) - 14:01, 26 June 2022
  • Biotite
    ...]]. It has been found in the lava of Vesuvius, Pikes Peak in Colorado, and Stone Mountain in Georgia, as well as many other locations. Biotite has a pearly ...ilding Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries.'', Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
    2 KB (334 words) - 15:06, 7 May 2022
  • Gabbro
    ...xene]]. It is sold commercially as a [[granite]] and is used as a building stone. Major commercial sources for gabbro occur in Scotland (Island of Skye), So * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 19
    2 KB (206 words) - 13:42, 22 August 2020
  • Travertine
    ...e deposits resulting in large elongated, often interconnected rings in the stone. Very porous, spongy travertine is called [[tufa|tufa]]. Travertine polishe * Anne Grimmer, Glossary of Building Stone Terms, ''A Glossary of Historic Masonry Deterioration Problems and Preserva
    3 KB (326 words) - 11:54, 22 August 2020
  • Actinolite
    ...en found in association with talc and chlorite. The transparent to opaque stone is used as a filler in paints and ceramics. * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 19
    2 KB (250 words) - 13:02, 16 December 2022
  • Limestone
    ...estone made up of visible shell fragments. Limestone is used as a building stone and for sculpture as well as in the manufacture of [[lime]], [[carbon dioxi * B.Aston, J.Harrell, I.Shaw, "Stone" in ''Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology'', P.Nicholson, I.Shaw (eds
    3 KB (415 words) - 13:40, 10 April 2024
  • Chrysoprase
    A translucent, apple-green stone composed of microcrystalline [[quartz]]. Chrysoprase is a variety of [[cha * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 19
    2 KB (227 words) - 12:14, 19 December 2022
  • Dolomite
    ...[[magnesium]]. Dolomite rock has been and is currently used as a building stone, in furnace linings, in [[ceramic|ceramics]], and as a [[filler]] in [[pape [[File:Stone.Corral.formation_Dolomite.jpg|thumb|Stone Corral Formation dolomite]]
    4 KB (493 words) - 14:39, 22 July 2022
  • Diorite
    green stone; trap rock; diorita (Esp.); diorite (Fr.); diorito (Port.); Diorit (Deut.); * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 19
    2 KB (223 words) - 11:10, 29 August 2020
  • Shale
    ...d a laminated structure that fractures easily along the bedding lines. The stone is soft, smooth, and can feel greasy. Shale is composed of clay (>30%) a * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 19
    2 KB (240 words) - 08:27, 28 August 2020
  • Rock crystal
    ...ups, and carvings. In Egypt, they were also used for the cornea portion of stone eyes in statues and as thin inlays over red cement to simulate [[carnelian| * B.Aston, J.Harrell, I.Shaw, "Stone" in ''Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology'', P.Nicholson, I.Shaw (eds
    3 KB (384 words) - 13:38, 4 January 2023
  • Inductively coupled plasma
    ...ition of the sample. ICP is used to determine major and minor elements in stone, metal, concrete, glass and other inorganic matrices. It has replaced flam ...National Museum, 50th Anniversary Symposium on Scientific Research in the Field of Asian Art, Freer Gallery, 27-29 sep. 2001, Washington
    2 KB (271 words) - 15:55, 14 September 2022
  • Chalcanthite
    copper sulfate pentahydrate; blue vitriol; blue stone; bluestone; copper vitriol; calcantita (Esp.)  * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 19
    2 KB (242 words) - 13:26, 6 December 2022
  • Gemstone
    * Non-stone materials: [[ivory]], [[amber]], [[jet]], and [[coral]] * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 19
    2 KB (256 words) - 12:55, 27 August 2022
  • Syenite
    ...uilding Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries'', Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925. * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 19
    2 KB (253 words) - 11:45, 29 August 2020
  • Phlogopite
    ...may sometimes be reddish brown. Phlogopite is a transparent to translucent stone that is mined in Romania, Switzerland, Italy, Finland, Sweden, the Malagasy * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 19
    2 KB (253 words) - 09:04, 22 October 2022
  • Tremolite
    ...), and the U.S. (Maine, Pennsylvania, New York). The transparent to opaque stone varies in color from white to gray to a pale green to a pinkish purple. Tre * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 19
    2 KB (261 words) - 12:43, 16 June 2022
  • Sard
    ...ny]]. Sard is darker than [[carnelian|carnelian]], but otherwise a similar stone. Both have been mined or gathered since at least 3000 BCE. Water-worn pebbl * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 19
    2 KB (265 words) - 12:08, 19 December 2022
  • Lazulite
    ...rite]], the main ingredient in [[lapis lazuli]]. Lazulite is a translucent stone that has been found in Switzerland (Zermatt), Austria, Sweden, Malagasy Rep * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 19
    2 KB (275 words) - 15:56, 17 December 2022
  • Opal
    ...ll spectrum of colors arrayed in a linear fashion. [[Slocum%20stone|Slocum stone]] (Opal-essence) is one of the best types of imitation opal. Most syntheti ...(Esp.); opale (Fr., It.); Opal (Deut.); opala (Port.); Gilson opal; Slocum stone; Opal-essence; opaal (Ned.)
    4 KB (590 words) - 13:52, 4 January 2023
  • Basalt
    * Anne Grimmer, Glossary of Building Stone Terms, ''A Glossary of Historic Masonry Deterioration Problems and Preserva * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 19
    3 KB (398 words) - 10:36, 2 May 2022
  • Jasper
    ...dom period. Currently, jasper is cut and polished as a ornamental building stone. Black jasper and black slate have long been used as touchstones to determi * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 19
    3 KB (430 words) - 12:02, 3 January 2023
  • Chromite
    ...in [[magnesium]] and [[aluminum]]. Chromite is a black to dark brown color stone with a metallic luster. It looks like [[magnetite]] but has poor magnetic p * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 19
    2 KB (273 words) - 16:03, 22 October 2022
  • Turquoise
    [[File:Turquoisef5.jpg|thumb|Turquoise stone]] Stone can discolor to green with wear or contact with oils and grease
    3 KB (412 words) - 16:04, 17 December 2022
  • Amblygonite
    ...first discovered in Saxony by A. Breithaupt in 1817. It is a translucent stone that is usually white or creamy but also occurs in pale shades of yellow, b * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 19
    2 KB (293 words) - 12:37, 26 April 2022
  • Olivine
    ...Olivine beads have been found in pre-Dynastic Egyptian jewelry. The opaque stone was found in Egypt, in the lava of Vesuvius and in the Eifel district of Ge * B.Aston, J.Harrell, I.Shaw, "Stone" in ''Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology'', P.Nicholson, I.Shaw (eds
    3 KB (442 words) - 10:41, 21 December 2022
  • Limonite
    ...an iron ore, a brown earth pigment and, in ancient times, as an ornamental stone for small carved items such as beads and seals. The term limonite is someti * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 19
    2 KB (298 words) - 12:38, 8 September 2022
  • Tanzanite
    [[File:Tansanitvt.jpg|thumb|Tanzanite stone]] * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 19
    2 KB (316 words) - 15:25, 20 December 2022
  • Lapis lazuli
    ...ormerly Burma), Pakistan, and the U.S. (California). The semiprecious blue stone was, and still is, used for jewelry, mosaics and small carvings. Lapis lazu lazurite; lapis; Persian blue; Fra Angelico Blue; Armenian stone; blue stone; ultramarine blue (pigment); Lapislazuli, Ultramarin (Deut.); lapislázuli
    4 KB (557 words) - 13:37, 19 December 2022
  • Bauxite
    ...30-75% [[aluminum oxide]]. In antiquity, bauxite was used as an ornamental stone. Currently it is used as a source for metallic [[aluminum]] and as a filler * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 19
    2 KB (305 words) - 11:53, 2 May 2022
  • Chalcedony
    ...It was used as beads, amulets and seals and is still used as an ornamental stone and gemstone. The color and opacity can be changed by dyeing or heating. * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 19
    4 KB (468 words) - 11:39, 3 January 2023
  • Bloodstone
    A semiprecious stone composed of dark green [[chalcedony]] with flecks of red [[jasper]] or [[he * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 19
    2 KB (310 words) - 12:22, 19 December 2022
  • Barite
    ...akota, Georgia, Tennessee, and California). The transparent to translucent stone can produce a sulfur-like odor when two pieces are rubbed together. Barite ...ita (Esp.); Schwerspat (Deut.); bariet (Ned.); heavy spar; baryta; Bologna stone; desert rose (red color, flower-like formation)
    4 KB (461 words) - 09:24, 2 May 2022
  • Flint
    flintstone; Lydian stone; touchstone; gun flint; potter's flint; hornstone; chalcedony; flintsten (D * C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, ''Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 19
    2 KB (336 words) - 14:59, 21 August 2022

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