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  • ...tillation, by adding [[sodium carbonate]] and [[lime]] or by filtering the water. Filtration may be done with [[zeolite|zeolites]], an [[ion exchange resin| Wasserhärte (Deut.); dureté (Fr.); hard water; limescale; total dissolved solids (TDS)
    2 KB (227 words) - 15:23, 30 August 2022
  • ...cid and the alkaline exchange columns alter the [[pH|pH]] of the resulting water. * ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Water Softener." Accessed: 3 Sept. 2004 .
    2 KB (219 words) - 15:21, 22 August 2020
  • ...n added to reduce cracking. [[Formalin]] was sometimes added to produce a hard insoluble film.
    603 bytes (87 words) - 08:42, 30 August 2022
  • ...te etching ground contains [[titanium dioxide]], soap, [[linseed oil]] and water (McCann, 1979).
    788 bytes (112 words) - 14:35, 5 August 2022
  • ...t 1% polysiloxane emulsion in water. Brillianize is sold for cleaning all hard shiny surfaces including [[plastic]], [[metal]] and [[glass]]. It does not Soluble in water. Properties similar to water.
    888 bytes (106 words) - 08:36, 23 September 2022
  • [[File:calgonmd.jpg|thumb|Calgon water softener]] ...removing calcium deposits on archaeological materials, the sequestering of hard minerals may may change the composition of, and thus destabilize, glass, or
    3 KB (381 words) - 14:51, 18 May 2022
  • Hard, shiny crystals. Potassium aluminate is used as a mordant in dyeing and pr Soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol.
    506 bytes (74 words) - 08:01, 26 July 2022
  • ...]]. Carbowax® formulations have also been used to slowly replaced water in water-logged wood providing structural support while decreasing wetness. They, ho * Soluble in water.
    1 KB (186 words) - 11:07, 20 May 2022
  • ...d for smoothing. The putty sets in 1 hour and hardens in 2-3 hours. Once hard, Milliput® can be sanded, drilled, cut, or filed. It adheres to wood, met * Can be removed with soap and water prior to cure.
    1 KB (174 words) - 16:02, 22 September 2022
  • ...ctor & Gamble] A brand name for a hard, white, bar soap that floats on water. Ivory soap was first made in 1878. It was advertised with the slogan "99 a
    887 bytes (117 words) - 12:50, 21 September 2022
  • ...ly made from 1920-1940, this early type of laminate had good resistance to water, oils, and solvents. It was used for electrical insulation and molded parts
    731 bytes (93 words) - 16:09, 1 May 2022
  • ...natural gums and gelatin. When used for paper sizing, feculose produces a hard surface that is resistant to ink and unaffected by heat drying.
    718 bytes (102 words) - 11:57, 7 August 2022
  • ...nt]]. Pavers made from brick are hard fired to increase their strength and water resistance.
    720 bytes (94 words) - 11:57, 27 September 2022
  • ...is called a hydraulic cement because it will harden even when it is under water.
    1 KB (152 words) - 13:56, 16 October 2022
  • ...wood, plastic, metal and textiles. The high gloss coating is flexible but hard and resistant to abrasion, chemicals and hydrolysis. An option is availabl * Sancure™ 970 EU Select – crosslinkable high solids polyurethane composite, hard films for residential and commercial floors
    2 KB (253 words) - 13:42, 28 June 2022
  • ...ships, docks, and locks. Greenheart wood weathers well and is resistant to water, fungi, termites, and marine borers. Other woods are also been called green
    788 bytes (104 words) - 12:51, 18 July 2022
  • ...t, such as a panel, picture frame, or sculpture. From Renaissance times, a hard gesso prepared from calcium carbonate ([[chalk]]) in glue was used in north
    2 KB (300 words) - 15:31, 7 August 2022
  • ...dditionally, soaps can dull colors and form insoluble residues with [[hard water]] minerals. About 1968, numerous synthetic [[detergent|detergents]] were de May cause acid dyes to run. Forms insoluble residues with hard water minerals such as calcium carbonate.
    2 KB (310 words) - 16:14, 19 August 2020
  • ...am is usually sealed with [[tar]] or [[asphalt]] to produce a hard, smooth water-resistant roadway called [[tarmac]]. Macadam pavement was invented by John
    874 bytes (104 words) - 11:41, 16 October 2022
  • ...x|Carbowax®]] formulations have also been used to slowly replaced water in water-logged wood providing structural support while decreasing wetness. They, ho * Soluble or miscible with water and most organic solvents.
    2 KB (241 words) - 14:50, 4 August 2022
  • ...water is added. At high temperatures, clays became hard due to the loss of water and are used to make pottery, porcelain, and brick. Clay is also used as a Particle size 1 to 150 micrometers. Insoluble in water and organic solvents
    3 KB (412 words) - 11:31, 30 May 2022
  • A hard, fine-grain, uniform [[whetstone|whetstone]] used as an abrasive for [[meta Scotch stone; water-of-Ayr; snakestone; Scotch hone
    887 bytes (118 words) - 14:54, 30 April 2022
  • ...|| MMA || 125,000 || 10 || 100% solids, powder, hard resin || resistant to water and alcohol; coatings | A-101 || MMA || 125,000 || 100 || 40% in MEK hard resin || exterior durability and resistance
    3 KB (332 words) - 16:12, 21 October 2022
  • ...e porous, granular activated alumina aggressively absorbs liquid water and water vapor. The fine-grain calcined alumina is a dense impermeable ceramic mater Soluble in mineral acids and strong alkali. Insoluble in water.
    3 KB (393 words) - 13:00, 9 December 2022
  • ...drocarbon oils and waxes, such as perchloronaphthalene. Halowax® can be as hard as [[microcrystalline wax]]. It has been use in the mid-20th century as a s * Insoluble in water
    988 bytes (117 words) - 14:19, 30 August 2022
  • ...xposed areas remain soft and water-soluble, while the exposed areas become hard and moisture resistant. After exposure, the print is washed to remove the
    1,015 bytes (140 words) - 14:11, 27 August 2022
  • ...unts of [[acetic acid]] as it cures. Latex Spackel can be overpainted with water-based or [[alkyd resin|alkyd]] paints after drying for 1-3 hours (depending
    923 bytes (124 words) - 12:48, 10 September 2022
  • ...ment mortar is composed of [[portland%20cement|portland cement]], sand and water. It is used to fill the joints of brick and stone masonry. Other types of i
    2 KB (254 words) - 09:49, 19 October 2022
  • ..., metal cutting tools and ball point pen nibs. Tungsten carbide tools stay hard and sharp even at red heat temperatures. * Insoluble in water.
    2 KB (253 words) - 09:48, 22 June 2022
  • ...f egg white. As a pure film, albumen is clear, brittle, and water soluble. Water solubility can be decreased by heating or adding [[tannin]]. The exterior o Miscible with water when fresh. Insoluble in water after heating.
    2 KB (286 words) - 15:14, 21 August 2020
  • ...8-26% gum and 1-7% oil. Ammoniac is typically prepared for use either as a water emulsion or as a mixture with [[mastic%20resin|mastic]] and [[isinglass|isi ...ble in water, ethanol, ether, vinegar or weak alkali. Forms emulsions with water.
    2 KB (273 words) - 13:25, 26 April 2022
  • The hard, yellowish-brown exudation from the bark of the cashew-nut tree, ''Anacardi Slightly soluble in water.
    979 bytes (123 words) - 15:52, 20 May 2022
  • ...alcining [[gypsum]]. When mixed with water, plaster of Paris will dry to a hard mass. It is used for wall plasters, wallboard, moldings, and statuary.
    1 KB (158 words) - 14:32, 18 May 2022
  • ...nts conducted in Berlin to recreate an ancient recipe, yielded flakes of a hard brittle wax that melted between 73-75C (163-167F) (Wehlte 1975).
    1 KB (148 words) - 15:30, 22 October 2022
  • 1) A hard, transparent polymer. Carboxymethyl cellulose, or CMC, is glossy and has go * Affected by water, acids, alkalis, alcohols, esters, ketones, phenols, oils
    1 KB (159 words) - 14:42, 20 May 2022
  • An extremely hard, black crystalline powder. Boron carbide is used as an [[abrasive]] and as Soluble in fused alkali. Insoluble in water, acids.
    1 KB (137 words) - 08:35, 10 May 2022
  • ...wet. Watercolor paper is typically very textured. The paper is thick and hard enough to allow rubbing and scraping. High quality watercolor paper is mad water-colour paper (Br.)
    1 KB (163 words) - 13:55, 26 June 2022
  • ...y ammonium compound has reduced effectiveness in solutions containing hard water, salts, or organic compounds. Soluble in sorbitol solutions, glycerol, ether, water
    2 KB (216 words) - 17:26, 2 May 2022
  • ...surfactant agents have reduced effectiveness in solutions containing hard water, salts, or organic compounds. Some examples include:
    1 KB (168 words) - 15:16, 14 December 2020
  • ...hard crayons have a filler ([[kaolin]], [[talc]]). A few brands produce a water-soluble type crayon that contains an emulsified wax and [[polyethylene glyc
    2 KB (330 words) - 14:12, 26 June 2022
  • ...r glass is composed of [[potassium%20silicate|potassium silicate]]. Double water glass is a mixture of equal parts potassium silicate and sodium silicate. ...; waterglass; water-glass; calcium water glass; double water glass; potash water glass; Ransome process; silicate de sodium (Fr.); vidro solúvel (Port.)
    3 KB (499 words) - 12:22, 26 August 2020
  • ...ycerol]]. Litharge cement was prepared by diluting glycerin with up to 50% water, then adding enough litharge to produce a paste. It sets in minutes. Filler
    1 KB (156 words) - 10:57, 16 September 2022
  • ...pores. The compounds effectiveness is reduced in solutions containing hard water, salts, or organic compounds.
    1 KB (173 words) - 09:07, 28 May 2022
  • ...er]], and [[flame%20retardant|flame retardant]]. It removes dissolves hard water deposits including boiler scale. TSP is used in [[detergent|detergents]], m Soluble in water, ethanol. pH = 11.8 - 12.0 for a 1% solution.
    2 KB (297 words) - 10:13, 2 June 2022
  • ...and yellowing than natural resins. Because polycyclohexanone coatings are hard, however, many formulations add a plasticizer for flexibility and many of t Soluble in petroleum hydrocarbons, turpentine, isopropanol. Insoluble in water and methanol. Partially soluble in ethanol.
    2 KB (211 words) - 13:38, 29 September 2022
  • ...removed by distillation, filtration, reverse osmosis, or water softeners. Water is commonly used as a solvent and a diluent for aqueous paint media ([[goua See also [[Distilled water]] and [[Deionized water]].
    3 KB (403 words) - 12:41, 27 June 2022
  • ...agnesium chloride. Also called magnesia cement, is sets quickly even under water. Sorel's cement was used for artificial stone, floor tiles, and [[stucco|st
    1 KB (172 words) - 14:47, 2 June 2022
  • ...in color than [[hide glue]] and form a weaker adhesive bond. It dries to a hard, sandable surface and adheres well to [[glass]], [[ceramic|ceramics]], [[me * Soluble in water (pH = 6.5-7.2).
    2 KB (298 words) - 11:05, 16 June 2022
  • ...entury for fresco paintings (see [[mineral%20painting|mineral painting]]). Water glass was also used in the Ransome process of stone preservation. This proc water glass; waterglass; soluble glass; liquid glass; silicate of soda; sodium me
    3 KB (460 words) - 11:15, 2 June 2022
  • ...ar beets, [[sugar%20maple|sugar maple]], and sorghum. It is extracted with water and purified with [[lime|lime]] or [[carbon|carbon]]. Sucrose is a disaccha * Soluble in water. Slightly soluble in ethanol, methanol, glycerol, pyridine.
    2 KB (270 words) - 13:34, 6 June 2022
  • ...leather dressing because the polar end groups allow them to emulsify with water.
    1 KB (189 words) - 15:21, 23 September 2022
  • ...solidifies by oxidative polymerization when exposed to humid air forming a hard, durable film that takes a high polish. Urushi lacquer has been used for at * Deteriorated samples can be damaged by water.
    3 KB (430 words) - 15:53, 6 October 2022
  • ...sizing, leather processing, and paper strengthening. They are resistant to water and biodegradation. Resistant to water, acids, bases and organic solvents. Density = 1.5
    2 KB (260 words) - 11:54, 4 December 2020
  • ...d. Some smaller companies provide natural, non-toxic options that contain water, plant oils, plant dyes, milk protein, and minerals such as clay. | marketed as only emitting water
    5 KB (743 words) - 11:56, 13 February 2023
  • Type 10= paper-like, hard structure, area-bonded, smooth pattern, stiff ...sily cut with scissors or a knife. Water vapor can pass Tyvek, but liquid water cannot.
    5 KB (594 words) - 13:08, 21 November 2022
  • A viscous, water-soluble, protein covering the surface of [[raw%20silk|raw silk]] fibers. Se * Hard (ecru) silk contains 24-26% sericin
    2 KB (267 words) - 15:29, 23 October 2022
  • ...floor tile and paving where it increases resistance to acids, alkalis and water. It is also the first solid hydrocarbon to be converted to gasoline.
    1 KB (183 words) - 15:31, 22 June 2022
  • ...ical insulation. Beryllium oxide is also used as an abrasive for polishing hard metals. Slightly soluble in water, acids or alkalis.
    1 KB (185 words) - 16:00, 4 May 2022
  • Hard, dense, white powder that occurs in nature as the mineral [[baddeleyite|bad Slightly soluble in acids. Insoluble in water.
    2 KB (221 words) - 13:15, 2 June 2022
  • ...oiseshell|tortoiseshells]], nails, hoofs, scales, bills, and claws. In the hard keratins, the disulfide bonds of cystine are crosslinked. From the mid-1600 Damaged by alkalis and most bleach solutions. Decomposes in boiling water. Susceptible to moth larvae and other protein-feeding insects.
    3 KB (390 words) - 15:29, 21 August 2020
  • ...tation. The [[thermoplastic]] material is softened with steam or boiling [[water]] then pressed into numerous shapes. In the 18th century, London was the ce * Will swell slowly in water
    2 KB (304 words) - 14:46, 28 December 2022
  • ...resce a bright blue-white under ultraviolet light. The fluorescence may be hard to distinguish from the natural autofluorescence of many proteins. For maxi
    2 KB (207 words) - 11:09, 25 July 2022
  • ...e to determine which has been used. Colored pencils are available in both water-soluble and solvent soluble forms. Many of the colors contain organic dyes ...leum hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons, but some may be soluble in water.
    2 KB (344 words) - 14:33, 2 July 2022
  • ...ften mixed with aggregated to form mortar and concrete. It is resistant to water and has been used as a fill for large voids in outdoor sculptures (Thornton * Type II (modified -omitted in other countries): used near water such as sea walls and building foundations
    3 KB (472 words) - 12:03, 20 August 2022
  • ...ating aluminum for cooking utensils, signs and dials. High temperature, or hard, enamels can be translucent or transparent. Initially the metal bases for e
    3 KB (421 words) - 10:34, 31 August 2020
  • ...d brittle with a white powdery surface due to oxidation. It forms a clear, hard film that becomes darker and redder with age. Sandarac is composed primaril * Insoluble in water, mineral spirits and turpentine.
    3 KB (425 words) - 13:54, 28 June 2022
  • ...binet work. Almond wood is strong and hard with a fine straight grain. The water soluble gum that exudes from wounds on the tree has been mentioned as a wat
    2 KB (266 words) - 16:02, 22 October 2022
  • 2) The final, hard, dense, smooth layer of plaster. 4) A textile or paper treatment to add desired properties such as luster, water repellency, soil resistance, antistatic, softness, wear resistance, crease
    2 KB (225 words) - 08:14, 21 August 2022
  • ...s usually composed of [[cement]], [[sand]], and [[lime]]. It is mixed with water and applied wet. Stucco has been used since early times as a protective fin 2) (interior) A hard plaster used for covering walls and ceilings. Interior stucco was made usua
    2 KB (241 words) - 14:40, 22 August 2020
  • Shiny, hard, white, prism-shaped crystal. Ammonium bicarbonate is used in baking powder Soluble in water. pH = 7.8 Insoluble in ethanol.
    2 KB (233 words) - 13:33, 26 April 2022
  • ...itearin, or stearin, is found in most animal and vegetable fats especially hard ones like [[theobroma%20oil|cocoa butter]] and [[tallow|tallow]]. It is the Soluble in benzene, chloroform, carbon disulfide, hot ethanol. Insoluble in water.
    2 KB (222 words) - 15:41, 16 June 2022
  • ...rs. They are used in rope, cordage and sacking but are not as strong or as water-resistant as [[hemp|hemp]].
    2 KB (257 words) - 14:16, 31 August 2022
  • ...lumina. The porous, granular activated alumina aggressively absorbs liquid water and vater vapor. The fine-grain calcined alumina is a dense impermeable cer Soluble in mineral acids and strong alkali. Insoluble in water.
    4 KB (541 words) - 13:04, 9 December 2022
  • Hard, glasslike, thermoplastic resin with a softening temperature from 105-125 C ...e in esters, ketones, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Insoluble in water, alcohols, petroleum hydrocarbons.
    2 KB (259 words) - 13:38, 18 September 2023
  • ...d with steel bars or wire netting. Once a concrete mixture is stirred with water and poured into a mold, it should be allowed to cure slowly over about a we
    3 KB (386 words) - 14:48, 26 August 2020
  • ...floor tile and paving where it increases resistance to acids, alkalis and water. In the early 19th century, Gilsonite® was often mixed with [[mica]], [[as
    2 KB (267 words) - 14:53, 22 August 2022
  • ...te forms a clear glasslike, thermoplastic polymer that is light weight but hard to break. Methyl methacrylate polymerizes with heat, light, ionizing radiat Soluble in most organic solvents. Slightly soluble in water.
    2 KB (270 words) - 14:59, 18 October 2022
  • ..., and for non-stick frying pan coatings. PTFE is used for stain-resistant, water-repellent coatings on textiles. It can also be prepared as ribbonlike fiber * Insoluble in water. Resistant to acids, alkalis and organic solvents.
    3 KB (363 words) - 10:06, 18 October 2022
  • ...itteler and associate W. Krische of Germany discovered that casein becomes hard and insoluble when treated with [[formaldehyde]]. This process, however, is * Contact with water, acids or alkalis may cause crazing.
    3 KB (400 words) - 14:22, 6 December 2020
  • ...able putty-like material. Phillyseal R cures exothermically to form a very hard material that can be sanded, cut, or drilled. It will adhere to [[wood|wood * Hard set: 6 hours
    4 KB (624 words) - 14:21, 3 February 2024
  • ...a oxidizes and becomes brittle. Gutta-percha vulcanizes with sulfur into a hard, waterproof material. From the late 1840s, it was widely used for golf ball * Insoluble in water.
    2 KB (278 words) - 11:02, 30 August 2022
  • ...tebond Wood Glue]</ref> It is a water-soluble tacky resin that dries to a hard, tough, durable translucent film. Titebond II Premium Wood Glue is a cross- ...y provide strong initial tack and 30-minute clamp time. When dry, they are water-insoluble. They offer excellent heat-resistance and are sandable. The adhes
    6 KB (909 words) - 12:57, 1 December 2020
  • ...ps, paper, and paints; and as a water softener to remove calcium from hard water.
    4 KB (479 words) - 13:36, 12 July 2023
  • ...diethylene glycol prevents materials from drying out and becoming stiff or hard. Diethylene glycol is used as a [[lubricant]], [[plasticizer]], [[surfactan Miscible with water, ethanol, ether, acetone, ethylene glycol. Insoluble in benzene, toluene an
    2 KB (301 words) - 11:36, 21 July 2022
  • 2) A powder, that forms a pasty mixture with water and dries to a hard impenetrable solid. Clays plasters were used in Egypt since at least 2000 B
    2 KB (335 words) - 14:09, 17 August 2022
  • ...e. Cyanoacrylate glues has been used for gluing glass, ceramics and other hard materials. * Soak in warm soapy water. Gently peel apart using a blunt instrument.
    5 KB (638 words) - 14:56, 2 February 2024
  • A hard, thermoplastic white powder prepared from [[tallow|tallow]] and [[alum|alum Insoluble in water.
    2 KB (304 words) - 11:40, 26 April 2022
  • ...ng with a straight grain and fine, uniform texture. The trees also exude a water-soluble gum. Plum tree flowers have been used as a dye.
    2 KB (316 words) - 13:11, 22 June 2022
  • ...produce clear, hard films that have good weather resistance and withstand water, grease, oil, and petroleum fuels. Additional properties are high initial t * Common household water-based white glues
    5 KB (665 words) - 09:00, 13 August 2020
  • ...linking tod form a hard plastic that is brittle but has good resistance to water and biodegradation. In the early 20th century, phenol formaldehyde resins w
    3 KB (334 words) - 08:16, 22 October 2022
  • ...tability, consistent thickness/texture/density, high tensile strength, low water absorption and vapor transmission, good workability, and aesthetic appeal. * Provide buffer between hard surfaces
    6 KB (862 words) - 08:14, 13 November 2023
  • ...morphous brown powder, but it also forms black crystals that are nearly as hard as diamonds. Boron is used for fibers and filaments in composites and ceram * Soluble in concentrated acids. Insoluble in water, ethanol, ether.
    2 KB (319 words) - 08:34, 10 May 2022
  • A hard, mineral wax obtained from [[lignite|lignite]] and [[peat|peat]]. Montan wa * Soluble in carbon tetrachloride, benzene and chloroform. Insoluble in water.
    2 KB (325 words) - 09:15, 19 October 2022
  • ...maller amounts of esters and triterpenoids. It is a dark brown wax that is hard and brittle with little tack. Candelilla wax is an all-purpose wax used for ...carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, toluene and alkalis. Insoluble in water.
    3 KB (440 words) - 16:19, 18 May 2022
  • ...le. Cyanoacrylate glues has been used for gluing glass, ceramics and other hard materials. They also have medical and dental applications to suture skin an * Avoid contact with water or moisture.
    4 KB (557 words) - 09:13, 6 October 2022
  • ..., or purple depending of the species of mollusk and the temperature of the water. Warm, equatorial seas tend to produce mollusks with darker or brighter col
    3 KB (331 words) - 14:51, 26 July 2022
  • ..., close-grain beechwood is hard and heavy. It bends well, is durable under water, and gives a smooth shiny finish. Beech is a commonly used timber for floor ...s. Rings: obscure. Pores: diffuse, fine. Grain: faint. Rays: distinct. Hard, strong and heavy. Specific gravity = 0.7-0.9. Density = 43-56 ppcf
    4 KB (603 words) - 13:31, 2 May 2022
  • ...sh trees, ''Fraxinus chinensis''. The wax is scraped off, cleaned with hot water, and cast into molds. Chinese insect wax is composed primarily of ceryl cer
    3 KB (351 words) - 14:47, 28 May 2022
  • ...he eastern United States. Tupelo trees produce a stiff, tough wood that is hard to split. It is used for pallets, baskets, boxes, veneer, barrels and firew black gum (''Nyssa sylvatica''); sour gum; pepperidge; beetlebung; water tupelo (''Nyssa aquatica'')
    2 KB (336 words) - 09:55, 22 June 2022
  • ...idered on of the 'soft maples' as its wood is less dense than that of the 'hard maples'. The trees can grow to heights of 40m and diameters of 1m. The woo ....); érable pourpre (Fr.); arce rojo (Esp.); acero rosso (It.); soft maple; water maple; scarlet flowering maple; swamp maple
    3 KB (404 words) - 15:23, 19 September 2022

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