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[[File:01-Iron stain C2.jpg|thumb|Iron stain detail]] A reddish [[iron oxide red|iron oxide]] stain caused by rusted [[iron]] or [[steel]]. Weak acids, such as [[citric acid]] and [[oxalic acid]], ha

...acid); Phytin® (calcium magnesium salt of phytic acid); Calciphos (calcium iron salt of phytic acid)

...paste. In addition to removing rust, Naval Jelly is used to prepare [[iron|iron]] and [[steel|steel]] surfaces for painting.

Green crystals formed by the reaction of [[acetic acid]] with [[iron]]. Ferrous acetate was used as a mordant for black dyes on [[cotton]] and [ iron acetate; acetate of iron; black liquor, iron liquor; pyrolignite of iron

...acture of [[glass|glass]] to remove the green color caused by trace [[iron|iron]] components.

...]] prior to plating or finishing. The most common pickling bath for [[iron|iron]] and [[steel|steel]] is composed of a 10-20% [[sulfuric%20acid|sulfuric ac

[[File:ferrous sulfate mixture.jpg|thumb|Iron gall ink]] ...[[potassium oxalate]] have been mentioned as sequestering agents to remove iron gall inks, but any addition of an acid to degraded paper or parchment is no

...ic acid is used as a [[tannin]] and as a pale-green to gray [[dye]] with [[iron]] [[mordant|mordants]]. It is being studied as a cancer preventing drug.

...of several physical or chemical methods used to remove [[rust|rust]] or [[iron%20stain|rust stains]]. Examples of physical cleaning methods are: [[petrola * T.Stambolov, B. Van Rheden "Note on the Removal of Rust from Old Iron with Thioglycolic Acid" ''Studies in Conservation'', 13:p.142-144, 1968.

...ne. Ammonium citrate has also been used for cleaning metals such as [[iron|iron]] and [[aluminum|aluminum]] as well as [[copper|copper]] alloys.

...reaction of [[acetic acid]] and [[ferric hydroxide]]. Ferric acetate, or iron acetate, was used in the 19th century to produced sprinkled effects on leat iron acetate

...[chromic acid]] or by mixing [[potassium chromate]] with [[ferrous sulfate|iron sulfate]]. basic iron chromate; ferric dichromate; dicromato de ferro (Port.)

...with [[aluminum|aluminum]] and [[tin|tin]], it is yellow, and with [[iron|iron]], morin is a deep olive brown. It is also used as a spot test reagent for

...used as a water soluble source of oxalate for removing of rust stains and iron gall inks. It is also used as a cleaner for metals and wood, as a mordant

...ls formed by the reaction of [[nitric acid]] on [[iron]] or [[Ferric oxide|iron oxide]]. Ferric nitrate is used to mordant dyes, to weight [[silk]], and to iron nitrate

...oxalic acid]] for removing of [[rust|rust]] stains and [[iron%20gall%20ink|iron gall inks]]. It is also used as a cleaner for metals and wood, as a [[mord

...nitrotoluene with [[acetic%20acid|acetic acid]] in the presence of [[iron|iron]]. Paratoluidine is used in the manufacture of some synthetic organic red c

...ed in dyeing textiles, polishing metals, and the electrolytic detinning of iron. Ammonium oxalate is also used as a detection reagent for [[calcium|calcium

...olled, or milled, between heavy iron rolls. This produced a smooth finish. Iron impurities in the milled boards have catalyzed acid formation with resultan

...(Schur 1985). During the same period, it was also called red oxide of [[iron]] by [[sulfuric acid]]. ferrous sulfate; iron sulfate

...e dye|aniline]] colors. It produces a bluish-red color with [[alumina]] or iron mordants and a dark violet with lead and tin mordants. Gallein is also used

[[Iron]] that has been acid treated to make it corrosion resistant. A strong oxidi

...for removing tarnish and corrosion from silver, copper alloys, and rusted iron. Silver Dip contains: 8 ml of 85% orthophosphoric acid 7 grams of thiourea * R.Organ, "The Corrosion of Tin, Copper, Iron and Steel and Lead" in Preservation and Conservation: Principles and Practi

...but at low humidity, sodium chloride can initiate the oxidation reaction. Iron powder can reduceoxygen levels to below 0.01% in an air-tight container.

...photographic developer. Glycin is as used as a colorimetric detection of [[iron]], [[phosphorus]], and [[silicon]].

...urities such as [[sulfuric acid]], [[nitric acid]], [[sodium chloride]], [[iron]], and [[chlorine]].

...used as a mordant in textile dyeing and as a component in [[iron gall ink|iron gall inks]]. Ferric sulfate is also used in water purification systems. Fe iron III sulfate; ferric sulphate (Br.); ferric persulfate; ferric sesquisulfate

* Produces a green precipitate with iron salts.

...Solutions of sodium dichromate are used as anticorrosive agents for [[iron|iron]] and preservatives for wood. In the 19th century aqueous solutions of chro

...ly colored lakes with [[aluminum|aluminum]], [[chromium|chromium]], [[iron|iron]], and [[beryllium|beryllium]] salts. It is generally used for the detectio

...ture of [[glass|glass]] to eliminate any green color resulting from [[iron|iron]] impurities. It was also used as a colorant in paints and enamels.

...ed when [[lignin|lignin]] is present (detection limit is about 5%). [[Iron|Iron]] will react with phloroglucinol giving a purple product. Once the two-part

...]]. Phosphoric acid solutions (10-20%) have also been used to clean [[iron|iron]], [[copper|copper]], [[brass|brass]], and [[bronze|bronze]] (Stambolov et. ...by ingestion and inhalation. Burns skin and eyes on contact. Corrosive to iron containing metals.

A grayish-yellow mineral composed of [[iron%20disulfide|iron disulfide]]. Marcasite has a different crystalline form than [[pyrite|pyrit white iron pyrite; cock's comb pyrite; marcassite (sp.); Markassit (Deut.); marcassita

...gents are used to remove traces a metals in solutions, such as [[zinc]], [[iron]], [[copper]], [[manganese]], and [[cobalt]]. They are added to detergents * Reissland, Birgit and Frank Ligterink (2011) [https://irongallink.org/ The Iron Gall Ink Website] Maintained by the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherl

...o produce a strong, initial black color. Once the aniline black faded, the iron and gallic acid color had developed a strong black tone (Kuhn 1986).

...ce ancient times as a mordant for dyeing. It gives a blue-black color with iron salts. Tannic acid reacts with proteins ([[animal skin|skin]], [[albumin]], * N.Binnie, 'Commercial Rust Conserverters: Surface Protection for Rusted Iron', Canadian Conservation Institute Publications, [http://www.cci-icc.gc.ca/p

...obalt]], [[copper|copper]], cyanide, [[formaldehyde|formaldehyde]], [[iron|iron]], [[nickel|nickel]], nitrate/nitrite, [[hydrogen%20peroxide|peroxide]], ph

...pitated on [[alumina trihydrate]] to produce carmine lake. The presence of iron makes a brighter red color. Neither pigment is permanent enough for use in

...ks]] began to be used. The tannin from the [[gall|gall nut]] reacts with [[iron]] and [[oxygen]] to form a strong black color. Early printing inks containe

[[File:iron sulfate_1.jpg|thumb|Powdered iron sulfate]] ...stalline material that has been used in inks, dyes, and the manufacture of iron. Ferrous sulfate oxidizes slowly in moist air to form a brown coating of b

| iron

...an unpleasant, [[sulfur|sulfur]] type odor and can be corrosive to [[iron|iron]]. Malathion has been used for control of [[cockroach|cockroaches]], treatm * Corrodes iron, steel, tin, lead, and copper. May discolor organic red dyes.

...ide|sodium chloride]] (table salt), [[ferrous%20sulfate|ferrous sulfate]] (iron), [[stannous%20chloride|stannous chloride]] (tin), [[copper%20sulfate|coppe

It was described by the manufacturer for treatment of iron; copper; copper alloys; brass; steel; zinc; and galvanized materials with c

...as a sequestering agent for some trace metals and has been used to remove iron gall ink and other types of stains from paper. It is also used in medicine,

...roduced enough [[hydrogen%20chloride|hydrogen chloride]] to corrode [[iron|iron]] fasteners within 24 hours. The sodium salt, sodium pentachlorophenate or

...with alkaline or metallic materials, such as concrete, plaster, wallboard, iron or copper.

...oth orange with an alum mordant or a red to violet color when used with an iron mordant. Alizarin orange is also used as an acid-base indicator. In aqueous

* T. Stambolev, "Notes on the Removal of Iron Stains from Calcareous Stone," Studies in Conservation, 13, 1968.

| iron

...t is also used as a flux in porcelain painting, an anticorrosive paint for iron and steel, and as a component in lead batteries. Because of its toxicity, t

copperas; sal martis; sulfate of iron; chacantum (Gr.); attramentum (Lat.)

...low with alum to a dark orange with [[chromium|chrome]] and a green with [[iron]]. The colorants in goldenrod are the [[flavonol|flavonols]], kaempferol an

Colors can be produced by adding [[iron%20oxide%20red|iron oxide]] (brown), [[cobalt%20oxide|cobalt oxide]] (blue), or [[manganese%20o

...ficial jappaning of furniture and objects made from papier mache, tin, and iron. Heat was sometimes applied to the varnish to speed drying time. Several fo

...rcury forms alloys, called [[amalgam|amalgams]], with most metals except [[iron]] and [[platinum]]. It is used for [[amalgam gilding]] of [[gold]] and the

...protective and ornamental electroplated coatings on other metals, such as iron and steel. Nickel is also used to produce [[Monel|Monel®]], a highly corro

...ain lines. The wood has a high [[gallic acid]] content that will corrode [[iron]] and other contacting metals. English oak is widely used in furniture, pan

...with a mixture of [[oxalic acid]] and [[potassium chloroplatinate]]. The [[iron]] is reduced with exposure to light then oxidized with a [[potassium oxalat

...used to make amethyst glass and to counteract the yellowish green color of iron oxide in glass. It is used as a black glaze and for painting on porcelain,

...right yellow with alum and tin, a tan with chrome, and an olive green with iron.

A common mineral composed of copper iron sulfide. Chalcopyrite has brassy yellow crystals with a metallic luster and

| <br /> Corrosion-sensitive metals (Copper, crude steel, crude aluminum, iron, zinc, lead, etc)

...m is strong but lightweight. It is used as a metal alloy with [[copper], [[iron]], and [[steel]], to add strength while decreasing mass. Titanium alloys ar

...], [[mud]], [[plaster]], or [[clay]]. The Romans used a clay cement to set iron posts into stone. Plumber's lute is a mixture of plaster with a weak glue b

...akes, streams, and oceans contains dissolved salts/minerals ([[silica]], [[iron]], [[calcium]], [[magnesium]], [[potassium]], [[sodium]], sulfates, chlorid

...alk, silica, emery flour, jewelers' rouge; paraffin oil on fine wire wool (iron and steel), Goddard's Glow (pewter), Silver Dip (silver, Britannia metal),

...cid salts of most heavy metals, such as manganese, cerium, lead, chromium, iron, zinc and zirconium, can also be effective driers. Some pigments also act a

...the fibers are first soaked in a metallic salt solution (aluminum, chrome, iron, or tin) then placed in the dye solution. Mordant dyes will also form lakes

...produced with [[alum]], [[ tin]], [[chromium]], and [[copper]] mordants. [[Iron]] mordants produce a dull green shade. The fugitive colorant was also used

...e. The shade produced depends on the metal present: aluminum yields a red; iron, a dark violet; and [[chromium|chromium]], a reddish-brown.

...t yellow with aluminum and tin, a tan with chrome, and an olive green with iron. Quercetagetin produces shades of orange and flavine gives a brilliant yell

...glazes. Red lead paint was used as an anticorrosion primer for structural iron and steel until the late 20th century.

...gaseous nitric acid. May adversely react with metals (lead, silver, tin, iron, copper and zinc). Flammable and should be stored separate from other objec

...(Jap.); yang lan (Chin.); mple ths Prossias (Gr.); Pruisisch blauw (Ned.); iron blue; azul da Prússia (Port.); ferrocyanide blue; Turnbull's blue; Paris b

...ically were not bright white as they contained impurities such as residual iron as well as some rutile. For at least a decade from about 1908 onward, labo

..., cobalt diacetate, Cd, Cr and Pb compounds, zinc sulfide, [[zinc oxide]], iron oxide, [[Ultramarine blue, synthetic|Ultramarine]], [[titanium dioxide]], A

...ters in Sri Lanka, or Khorasan, Iran. The heterogeneous metal mixture of [[iron]] and steel that was drawn out, folded over, and then welded many times pro

...with alkaline or metallic materials, such as concrete, plaster, wallboard, iron, or copper.

Any of several [[iron]] alloys (i.e., [[Steel|steels]]) made corrosion-resistant by the addition

...e mineral dolomite varies widely to yellow, pink, green, brown and gray. [[Iron]] is often a minor component replacing some of the [[magnesium]]. Dolomite

...ated alumina substrate, such as [[alumina trihydrate]]. Tin, chromium, and iron mordants can produce purple, brown, and pink colors, respectively. After co

...n Europe as alternative piping for town water services to replace corroded iron pipes. Artificial leathers, such as naugahyde (developed in 1936), became

...cted from the bark of oak trees. Oak [[gall|galls]] were used to produce [[iron gall ink]].

...who were seeking to find a use for titanium-rich ore such as [[ilmenite]] (iron titanium oxide) noted that titanium dioxide showed promise as a pigment due